6 
North Carolina Experiment Station 
Physiognomy. The well recognized xerophytic adaptations. 
Associations. Some of the related associations are: 
Phyla nodiflora-Monniera monniera (Dune marshes). 
Sesuvium maritimum-Tissa marina (Tidal flats). 
Successional Pelations. The habitat occupied by this formation 
is in general changing in the direction of mesophytism or a different 
type of xerophytism through the physiographic process of aggradation. 
On the seaward side of the sounds, the Uniola-Cakile community may 
replace it while on the mainland side, the Ilex-Myrica complex or 
some association of the mesophytic forest formation. 
No discussion can be given here of the striking successional 
phenomena existing between the associations of the formation. 
3. Typha-Scirpus Formation (Typlia latifolia, Scirpus spp.) Fresh 
Water Marsh. 
Distribution. Locally throughout the State. 
Habitat. Fresh water marshes along borders of fresh water sounds, 
lakes and slow streams. 
Physiognomy. Hydrophytic plants mostly with well developed 
aeriferous tissues; no marked development of transpiration inhibiting 
devices. 
Associations. Some of the outstanding associations in this forma¬ 
tion, other than those involving the dominants are: 
Proserpinaca palustris 
Juncus effusus 
Zizaniopsis miliacea 
Sacciolepis gibba 
Successional Relations. On the borders of the few and restricted 
artificial areas of water occurring in the Piedmont and montane sec¬ 
tions of the State, the successions are similar to the well-known north¬ 
ern situations. In the eastern section, this formation may be succeeded 
by the Ilex-Myrica community, various associations of the eastern 
mesophytic forest and occasionally by the Nyssa-Taxodium swamp 
forest. 
4. Potomogeton-Nymphaea (Potomogeton pectinatus, Nymphcea 
odorata). Shallow, open water community. 
Distribution. Locally throughout the State, but chiefly in the 
quiet waters of the eastern section. 
Habitat. Completely under water or leaves floating on the surface. 
Physiognomy. The familiar adaptations to the aquatic habitat. 
