FOWL TYPHOID AND FOWL CHOLERA 
By 
DR. B. F. KAUPP, Professor 
and 
R- DEARSTYNE, Associate Research Professor 
Department of Poultry Science 
THE PROBLEM 
The contents of this bulletin is the results of research on Project 162, as 
outlined in Bulletin 247 of the Experiment Station of the North Carolina 
State College. The subject is that of investigation of Septicaemic Diseases of 
Poultry in North Carolina, a condition which has proven of great economic 
impoi tance to the state. The problem involves the determination of the 
prevalence of avian typhoid and of avian cholera; the nature of these dis¬ 
eases, theii importance from an economic standpoint, and possible methods 
of prevention and control. 
METHODS OF APPROACH 
The method of approach is the study of outbreaks of typhoid and cholera in 
the field as to causation, dissemination, and control, and to conduct studies 
of the bacteriology, sereology, and pathology of these diseases by inducing 
the diseases through artificial infection. 
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 
Experimental procedure included a study of the causative organisms of 
avian typhoid and avian cholera in accordance to Methods of Pure Culture 
Study as adopted by The Society of American Bacteriologists; field studies of 
symptomotology; mortality index; methods of dissemination, such as infected 
soil, mechanical conveyors, wild and domesticated birds and animal carriers; 
the possibility of transmission of the diseases through the eggs; clinical 
studies of artificial infection cases, including respiration, temperature, gross 
and microscopic pathology, histological changes, and the sereological reac¬ 
tions which accompany the disease. 
Finally, a comparative study of the diseases of avian typhoid and avian 
cholera was made. 
PREVALENCE OF THE DISEASE 
It is highly probable that outbreaks of avian typhoid are to be found in all 
countries where poultry husbandry is practiced. 
Reference to the Historical Resume will show that as early as the develop¬ 
ment of bacteriological science would admit of the isolation and identification 
of disease-producing organisms, typhoid-like epizootics among poultry were 
studied, and causative organisms isolated. The historical record shows that 
the epizootics assumed large proportions, with thousands of birds succumbing 
annually to the disease. The original researches on poultry diseases were 
localized to southern and central Europe, this fact emphasizing the presence 
of the contagium in countries in that area, though it is probable that the con¬ 
dition existed in all countries. 
