Fowl Typhoid and Fowl Cholera 
7 
In 1924, Truche and Staub (32) reports avian typhoid as being of common 
occurrence in France. This same report is made of Italy in the same year, 
by the Minister of the Interior (22). In 1922, teHennepe reports 73 out¬ 
breaks of Kleins Disease (avian typhoid) in The Netherlands. 
Salmon (28) in 1880 made a general survey of poultry diseases in the 
United States, special stress being laid on “Cholera.” Since the investiga¬ 
tions of Salmon, such light has been thrown on Cholera-like diseases in poul¬ 
try that it seems highly probable that a large percent of the “cholera” re¬ 
ported was avian typhoid. Of 27 states or territories reporting, 19 of them 
EIG. 2.—-PREVALENCE OF FOWL TYPHOID IN WAKE COUNTY, N. C. EACH DOT 
REPRESENTS AN OUTBREAK 
reported cholera outbreaks among chickens. Kaupp (13) in 1912, reported 
outbreaks of fowl typhoid among ducks, turkeys, and chickens in Colorado. 
In 1916, Taylor confirmed an outbreak of avian typhoid in California. Mul- 
sow, in 1919, made a survey through experiment stations of the prevalence of 
the disease in the United States. California, Delaware, Iowa, Missouri, Penn¬ 
sylvania, Washington, and Wyoming reporting rare outbreaks of the disease, 
while Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island reported frequent out¬ 
breaks. Twelve states reported no studies made, and in thirteen no epi¬ 
demics were observed. The work of Bushnell and Patton on the Use of Vac¬ 
cines in Poultry Husbandry, in 1924, gives the impression that the disease is 
of frequent occurrence in Kansas, and the work of the present investigations 
of this station shows that the disease is prevalent under Southern conditions. 
In North Carolina, since the inception of these studies, 55 outbreaks have 
been encountered in which the causative organism has been recovered, or in 
