14 
JSToeth Carolina Experiment Station 
Truche and Staub (32) in a report at the World’s Poultry Congress at 
Barcelona, Spain, in 1924, reports that the researches of the Pasteur Institute 
in relation to poultry diseases is pointing toward the development of polyva¬ 
lent vaccines against avian typhoid. 
In 1923 Kaupp and Dearstyne (15) reported the detail study of a hen 
which, under field conditions might have been a carrier of avian typhoid, 
and stress the fact that such birds are a possibility in the recurrence of the 
disease in an infected flock. This study was followed by a detailed study of 
morphological and physiological characteristics of E. sanguinaria, with 
graphic presentations of the spread of the disease in the field (16). In 
February, 1924, a case was reported in which a bird was artificially infected 
with avian typhoid, the organism being recovered from the blood current of 
the bird and used to infect a second bird. The first bird recovered and the 
second succumbed. This study brought out the fact that one bird had suffi¬ 
cient natural immunity to throw off the disease, while the second did not. In 
1924 the North Carolina station reported a comparative study of the Euro¬ 
pean strains of avian typhoid with those of North America, no outstanding 
differences being found in the biological activities, or in the general character 
of the disease produced by these various strains. A final article on the 
differentiation between avian typhoid and avian cholera (18) was published 
showing morphological and physiological differences; in the causative organ¬ 
isms, differences in duration of the diseases and in clinical symptoms. Hemo- 
tological studies were also included. 
In 1924 Bushnell and Patton (2) presented the various phases of the use of 
vaccines in poultry husbandry, bringing out the practicability of their use in 
controlling avian typhoid and other avian diseases. 
