26 
North Carolina Experiment Station 
bird. This does not conform with the findings of Taylor (36) who found 
some mortality in the younger birds, but also reports high mortality in 
chicks, a large per cent of several batches dying in several days to several 
weeks of age, showing the same symptoms as adult birds, but not as well 
defined pathological changes being shown in post-mortem examination. 
It is possible that chicks possess some natural immunity to the disease 
during the period of early infancy. Experimental work on the age of sus¬ 
ceptibility will be presented later in this paper. Pigeons also seem to have 
some natural resistance to the disease under natural conditions, though in 
our artificial infection studies no difficulty was encountered in producing 
well-defined symptoms by infecting the bird per orum. Turkeys are mildly 
susceptible, although the susceptibility is much lower than that of the 
chicken. Guineas are slightly susceptible, but yield to artificial infection. 
Ducks and geese seem resistant in the field to avian typhoid, but show symp¬ 
toms on being artificially infected. 
A complete field study, together with clinical study of cases and anatomical 
findings of birds dying of the disease, is presented. 
OUTBREAK- SPR/HO OF/92Z(ARR/l) 
BOSS- 20 OUT OF/OO B/RPS 
CHECKER BE 2 EACC/NAT/OHS. 
El 
' * 
OUTBREAK 
AFTER d 
LOSS-6 OUT 20 
B/RPS CHECKED 
BY STOCK EACC/HE 
OUTBREAK-FEB. /B22 
LOSS - A OUT OF SO B/RPS 
CHECKED BE EACC/HE 
USED FOR A. 
OUTBREAK- 
2EEEEKS AFTER 
/VO EACC/HAT/OH- 
LOSS FLOCK. 
OUTBREAK-AVAR. LS22 
LOSS LO OUT OF AO B/RPS 
CHECKED BE STOCK EACC/NE. 
NO 
OUTBREAK. 
HO 
OUTBREAK 
OUTBREAK-MAR. /922 
LOSS- 7 OUT OF200 B/RPS 
CHECKED BE AUTOOEHOUS 
EACC/HE. 
A/OTAT/ON/ 
Creep! wAere /nd/ca/ed, ho /n/erchange 
oF s/ocA. egos, or o/Per contact was 
estabZ/shezr between Farms dur/njg epidemic. 
Dra/nage from road 
An th/s it/rect/on Aar 
enf/re /enjth. 
OUTBREAK -MAR. L922 
LOSS- 7 OUT OF/2 B/RPS 
CHECKEP BEAUTOOEHOO& 
EACC/HE. 
FIG. 12.—FIELD STUDY OF FOWL TYPHOID 
FIELD STUDY OF OUTBREAK NUMBER TWO 
This outbreak occurred in Wake County following the field studies shown 
in Figure 12. There was no traceable connection between these two out¬ 
breaks. 
On July 3, 1922, a request was made to the Poultry Department by a plant 
having 900 adult birds. Sanitary conditions were excellent, the vitality of 
the flock high, and as noted above, no connection could be established be¬ 
tween this flock and any flock suffering from typhoid infection. Eight of 
the range fowls were dead; two died the day of the investigation, and two 
sick ones were brought to the Experiment Station poultry hospital. Five 
of the eight dead birds were found in one of the houses, and the fact that 
examination of the carcasses revealed fully-grown maggots gave rise to the 
belief that all the birds had not died during the past night. The condition 
of the bodies showed that other birds in this respective pen had been feeding 
on them. From the above data, it was believed that the onset of the disease 
was about the 1st day of July. 
