ARTIFICIAL INFECTION 
Artificial infection work in the laboratory with the organism of avian 
typhoid represents confirmatory studies of the observations made in the 
field during these investigations. Its objective point was a more detailed 
study of the specific disease than opportunities in the field afforded; the 
tracing of the various possible avenues of infection; observations of the 
development of symptoms; studies of the changing condition of the blood 
from inception of the disease until death; noting the sereological conditions 
in the body of the host; the study of the morbid anatomy of birds succumb¬ 
ing to the disease, and the development of such control measures as to keep 
this devastating contagium from making poultry production in North Caro¬ 
lina unprofitable. 
Birds used for infection purposes were healthy, sound adults or chicks, 
care being taken to make the studies representative of the order Gallinse. 
All birds were tested prior to inoculation as to the normality of body tem¬ 
perature, and for possible existing bacteremic conditions. Pre-inoculation 
blood studies were made on two successive days when hematological studies 
were made. The birds were closely watched for physical depression, the 
condition of the discharge, and other signs which might be indicative of 
body change. 
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FIG 19_COMPOSITE TEMPERATURE CHART OF FOWL TYPHOID IN BIRDS 
INFECTED BY E. SANGUINARIUM FROM DIFFERENT COUNTRIES 
Little difficulty was experienced in infecting birds with E. sanguinaria 
(Figure 19). The department was fortunate in being able to secure original 
isolations of the causative organism at frequent intervals from birds dying 
in the field, and the strains used in artificial infection work were, for the 
greater part, of such character. Observations in this work tended to indicate 
that the virulence of E. sanguinaria was considerably lessened by trans¬ 
ferring for several generations on artificial media. This observation is borne 
out by other investigators. 
Moore (23) in his original studies on the disease successfully produced 
fowl typhoid by infecting the birds intravenously; by feeding cultures of 
the organism, and by feeding the viscera and cultures. Moore obtained a 
high death rate in his experimental inoculations. Taylor (30) produced 
the disease in well fowls by the intravenous inoculation method; by feeding 
cultures, and by feeding portions of the viscera of birds dying of the disease. 
