Fowl Typhoid and Fowl Cholera 
47 
The efforts of this department in artificial infection were to infect through 
such natural channels as would be possible in the field. The intravenous 
method, and that of feeding the viscera, were not attempted, the work of 
the above-mentioned writers indicating that the disease was readily pro¬ 
duced through such means of infection. 
Bv infecting the drinking water with bacterial cultures of E. sanguinaria, 
typical cases of avian typhoid were regularly produced. Studies of infections 
produced through this manner of infection does not indicate that there is 
any tendency to extend or shorten the period of disease as noted in the field. 
A typical case of avian typhoid as produced through this manner of infection 
is listed below: 
Subject.—Barred Plymouth Rock pullet. 
Source.—Poultry hospital. 
Condition on Infection. —Normal bird in excellent vigor. 
Method of Infection. 3 cc. of a 24 hour, bacillary saline emulsion of 
American sanguinarium 63 placed in drinking water at 11 a. m„ February 
28, 1923. 
Date 
Feb. 26 
27 
28 
Mar. 1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
Clinical Data 
Respiration 
Temperature 
30 
107.8 
30 
107.8 
30 
107.0 
32 
107.2 
30 
106.6 
34 
107.8 
30 
107.8 
34 
110.8 
30 
108.9 
29 
109.6 
Remarks 
Pre-inoculation 
Pre-inoculation 
Day of inoculation 
Bird normal 
Dejecta watery 
Dejecta watery 
Bird dejected 
Sulphurous discharge 
Bird depressed 
Bird depressed 
The bird died 12:30 p. m. March 7. E. sanguinaria recovered from heart, 
liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, and bone marrow. 
The concensus of opinion of various investigators as to the transmission 
of this disease is that the discharge from the bowel contains large numbers 
of virulent germs, which through many ways might find their way into the 
alimentary tract of well birds, thereby producing the disease. The contami¬ 
nation of drinking water by active cases of avian typhoid, or by carriers, or 
the soiling of food material by the same, are probably the means of many 
infections. 
By adding 5 grams of fecal material from a typical case of avian typhoid 
to the drinking water of a well bird, a typical and fatal case of avian typhoid 
was produced, with the following hospital chart: 
Subject.—White Leghorn hen. 
Source.—Central plant. 
Condition on Infection. —Bird normal. 
Method of Infection. —About 5 grams of fecal material from a bird 
showing typical symptoms of avian typhoid was placed in the drinking water 
of this bird on March 1, 1923, at 10 a. m. At the time of dejecting, the typhoid 
case showed a temperature of 110 degrees. 
