Fowl Typhoid and Fowl Cholera 
65 
THE BLOOD DURING DISEASE 
the normal btood of the fowl there is from 3,000,000 to 4,000,000 erythro- 
cytes (12), with an average of 3,500,000 and from 45,000 to 55,000 thrombo¬ 
cytes. There are from 28,000 to 35,000 leucocytes per cu. mm The leuco- 
cytes are divided into five distinct groups: Polymorphonuclear leucocytes 
with eosinophilic rods, and polymorphonuclear leucocytes with granules; 
ymphocytes, numbering from 40 to 44 per cent; large mononuclear cells num¬ 
bering from 18 to 20 per cent, and mast cells or basophiles numbering from 2 
at 76 P to 8 C 8 n perIen e t P ( e 2 r 9) ent hem0S '° bin aPFearS '° W in the fow1 ’ bel »S Placed 
FIG ' np PHOTOMICROGRAPH OF SECTION OF TYPHOID LIVER A CONGESTION 
OF LIVER c B FOCAL AREAOF' ENDOTHELIAL CELL PROLIF^aS™* 
L. HEPATIC CELL IN STATE OF CLOUDY SWELLING 
Taylor (30) reports in Fowl Typhoid a reduction in erythrocytes and a 
high increase m leucocytes, especially of the polymorphonuclear variety, 
this report is supported by the earlier work of Moore (23). 
In Table IX will be seen a complete study of three representative cases 
taken from artificial infection work conducted during this investigation 
These studies show a consistent increase in the polymorphonuclear leucocytes 
The polymorphonuclear leucocytes with eosinophilic granules shown by the 
table to be dominant before inoculation, are replaced with cells showing 
eosinophilic rods after the disease is established. Many degenerated leuco¬ 
cytes, or so-called “basket cells” (34) are observed after the disease is well 
developed. In chronic cases the destruction of the erythrocytes is less 
marked and there is less degre eof leucocytosis. There is an increase of 
thrombocytes, and a decrease of hemoglobin. The coagulability of the blood 
which normally in the fowl is brought about in thirty seconds is greatly 
lengthened, and finally in cases where severe changes have taken place the 
ood appears quite serous. DeCosta (6) reports a marked lack of coagula¬ 
nt 7 of the blood in human typhoid in early stages. He also reports decrease 
in the hemaglobm content, a marked reduction of erythrocytes, and a leuco- 
pema corresponding to the severity of the disease. The hematological picture 
o avian typhoid and human typhoid is similar, except in the case of the 
numerical count of the leucocytes, in which in fowls there is a leucorvtn*i« 
