130 
N. C. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 
Upon Zinnia in Germany, 1886. 
“ Hemp in Alsace, 1891. 
“ Hollyhock in England, 1891. 
“ Cucumbers in Massachusetts, 1893. 
“ Mulberries in France, 1897. 
“ Sunflower, Dahlia, Eimia, Beets in Holland. 
“ Artichokes in France, 1899. 
“ Carrots in France, 1899. 
“ Chicory in France, 1899. 
“ Tomatoes in Massachusetts, 1900. 
“ Cauliflower in Missouri, 1905. 
“ Cabbage in Missouri, 1905. 
“ Artichokes in France, 1905. 
“ Forsythia in Switzerland, 1905. 
“ Lemon in California, 1907. 
“ Omphalodes in Switzerland, 1909. 
Also upon ZEgopodium, Cerefolium, beets, radish, chicory, mustard, 
rape, caraway, parsley, celery, fennel, vetch, clover. 
Field Observations. 
Study of diseased plants in Hew Bern in 1906 showed that the 
plants were generally attacked on the lower leaves at spots where they 
touched the soil. The fungus then worked both ways, toward the stem 
of the plant and toward the tip of the leaf, though it stops its migra¬ 
tion in the latter direction very soon owing to the lack of moisture. 
Growing toward the stem of the plant it soon reaches the leaf axil 
and there forms masses of white cottony mycelium and eventually 
sclerotia. The greater number of sclerotia are formed here although 
some are formed at other points especially among the leaves that lie 
upon the ground. 
Some time was spent sifting the soil, looking for sclerotia formed 
the previous year. From a bed that was badly infected it was difficult 
to get an average of more than one sclerotium from each two-quart 
sifter of soil. 
Many germinated, disk-bearing sclerotia were found, nearly always 
in the front of the beds where the soil was shaded nearly all of the 
time. When disk-bearing sclerotia occurred in other parts of the beds it 
was always either in places where they could not be disturbed by 
cultivation or in beds that had not been recently cultivated. Ger¬ 
minated sclerotia were especially abundant under lettuce plants where 
they were both shaded and protected from mechanical disturbance. 
In the case of about half of the affected plants the diseased portion 
was either directly over a disk-bearing sclerotium or the faces of 
near by disks were turned toward the infected plant. In the latter 
case the plants invariably shoAved more disease upon the side of the 
plant nearest the disk. It was no uncommon thing to see clouds of 
spores discharged from disks in the field. 
Disks were found upon sclerotia that were located at a depth of 
1 1-2 inches in the soil. In no case were sclerotia found upon or 
