Breeding Rotundifolia Grapes 
15 
Varieties Used. 
Nearly all of the leading varieties of the Rotundifolia grapes were 
used in these breeding experiments. The largest amount of work was 
done with the Scuppernong, since this is the most widely planted variety 
of this species, and it is the only white variety that is extensively culti¬ 
vated. The black varieties used were James, Flowers, Memory and 
Smith; the only red varieties- w T ere Thomas and Latham. 
Male Vines. 
Special attention was given to the selection of the male vines that 
were used in our breeding experiments. These were of two groups: the 
light males, or those that correspond in color of the vine with the Scup¬ 
pernong; and the dark males, or those that correspond in vine color with 
such varieties as James, Thomas, and Flowers. 
Fig. 5.—Fruit cluster of James (natural size). 
The light males are distinguished by their light colored or greenish 
shoots, nodes and tendrils. Of this type one vine was selected which 
produced small flower clusters, and two that produced large flower clus¬ 
ters. 
The dark male vines have dark, brown or reddish, colored shoots, nodes, 
and tendrils. All the vines selected of this type produced large flower 
clusters, and one of them produced the largest cluster of any male vine 
ever found in our work. 
Methods. 
In the work of crossing and of collecting the hybridized seeds, all 
necessary precautions were taken to avoid mistakes. The flower 
