Breeding Botundifolia Grapes 
23 
these crosses, but which have not yet fruited, will also produce white 
fruit. 
While only three light males were used in these crosses, it is quite 
probable that whenever the Scuppernong is crossed with any light male 
rotundifolia vine the resulting seedlings will always produce white 
fruit. Our results show that the Scuppernong is pure for whiteness, 
and that it does not contain the dark color or the factor for the dark 
color in recessive form. It is also quite probable that every light 
male vine is pure for whiteness. Since both black and red colors 
are dominant over white in these grapes, all the hybrid male vines 
which carry the factor for black or for red, either or both, will 
always appear as dark. Hence the light male vines cannot possess 
the factor for black or for red even in the recessive form. 
These results indicate that in breeding rotundifolia grapes white 
fruiting seedlings can be produced at will. By making the right 
combinations in crossing, each of the resulting female seedlings will 
produce white fruit. This fact will be of the greatest importance to 
grape breeders in the future. If the older grape breeders, who worked 
with the species, had known this fact it is very probable that we should 
now have many valuable white varieties of rotundifolia grapes, which 
might be far superior to the Scuppernong. 
The seedlings that resulted from the Scuppernong crossed with 
pollen from dark male vines are very interesting, and the results 
obtained from such crosses will be of great value in future breeding 
work. From the table will be seen the fact that these crosses did not 
give as uniform results as did the hybrids of Scuppernong when 
crossed with light male vines. The dark male vines that were used 
in these crosses were of at least two types. Scuppernong when crossed 
with dark male vines Ho. 1 and Ho. 2 gave only dark seedlings, not 
a single light vine appeared in the hundreds of seedlings. The Scup¬ 
pernong we know is homozygous for the white color; hence, some of the 
seedlings resulting from these crosses would also be light in color if the 
dark male vines contained the factors for the white color. Since all ot 
the seedling vines that resulted from these crosses are dark in color, 
these dark male vines must contain factors for the dark colors only. 
The vines that resulted from Scuppernong crossed with dark male vine 
Ho. 1 are of two types, and about equally divided: one type produces 
red and the other black fruit. It is unfortunate that none of the vines 
from the hybrids that resulted from the Scuppernong crossed with 
dark male Ho. 2, have matured any fruits. The unripe berries, how¬ 
ever, that were secured from one of these vines indicates that the color 
will be black fruit. Since none of the vines resulting from this cross 
are light in color it is certain that none of them will produce white 
fruit. (See Figs. 11 and 12.) 
The resulting hybrids from Scuppernong crossed with dark male 
vines Ho. 3 and 4, give quite different results from those just discussed. 
In these crosses part of the hybrids are light in color, and part of them 
are dark. If a much larger number of hybrids had been produced 
in these crosses it is probable that the light and dark vines ^ould be 
more equally divided. The dark male vines that were used in these 
crosses were not pure dark, but were heteroygous for both the light and 
