Breeding Rotundifolia Grapes 
25 
the dark colors. The results indicate that these two male vines were 
already hybrids between dark and light vines; that the light color 
was present in the recessive form. 
These hybrid seedlings reveal the fact that the male vines used in 
these crosses were of four types: pure light, pure black, hybrid carrying 
black and red, and hybrid carrying black and light. The first type 
can be readily distinguished from the last three, but we have not been 
able to distinguish between the last three from external or physical 
characters. 
From these Scuppernong hybrids we can readily see that it is possible 
to produce vines with white fruit, black fruit, and red fruit by crossing 
with different male plants. It is possible to produce hybrids all of 
which will bear only white fruit, or hybrids all of which will bear 
only black or red fruits, or hybrids half of which will bear white fruit 
and the other half either red or black fruit. 
The significance of this will be apparent to any one who has made 
a careful study of this species. One method of producing white vari¬ 
eties with larger fruit clusters than those of the Scuppernong will be 
by raising seedlings from seed of this variety which has been fertilized 
with pollen from male vines which have very large flower clusters. In 
;this work the breeder will not be limited to light male vines with 
large flower clusters, but he will also be able to use some of the hybrid 
dark male vines with large flower clusters. 
It is very apparent that color in all of these crosses is a Mendelian 
character. 
TABLE No. 3. 
Table Showing Color of James Hybrids. 
Cross 
Color of Plants 
Color of Fruit 
James X Light Male No. 1. -___ __ 
f Light 361 
l Dark 330 
White 24 
Dark 28 
f ames X Light Male No. 2___ 
f Light 49 
No vines in bearing 
[ Dark 42 
James X Dark Male No. 2__ _ 
| Light none 
White none 
[ Dark 62 
Dark 1 
The above table shows that the results that were obtained by crossing 
James with the light males Ho. 1 and 2 are similar. About one-half 
of these hybrids are dark and one-half are light colored vines. The 
light colored vines that have borne have produced only white fruit, and 
the dark vines have produced only black fruit. James, the female 
parent vine it will be remembered, bears fruit of a glossy black color. 
It is known from our work with the Scuppernong that the light male 
vines that were used in these crosses are homozygous for the light color. 
The hybrid vines secured therefore, prove that James is a natural 
hybrid vine, and that it carries the factors for the black and for the 
white colors. 
