in between the soil particals. Now take Granulated Peat Moss, just as 
it is loosened from the bale; that is, after rubbing the lumps out. 
Lightly cover the bottom and sides of the drill with this. This cover¬ 
ing should be no heavier than actually necessary to cover the surface— 
about jig inch. Water bed at this stage with a fine spray and do it well 
Another advantage of this corrugation method of planting is that 
the seeds are deeper into the moisture level of the bed without being 
deep enough to prevent germination. This tends to make moisture 
conditions more favorable. The beds may be kept properly moist more 
easily and there is less danger of loss from excessive heat. This is 
because the higher block of soil on each side of the row acts as a 
resorvour and a heat insulator. 
In severe heat it may be necessary to cover the beds to shut off 
the very bright sun, although we are finding this type of planting 
requires less shade than where the bed surface is left flat. This shade 
may be afforded by shading frames, building paper, muslin or burlap. 
It may be placed directly on the surface of the bed until plants are 
up; at which time it should be raised 8 or 10 inches above the surface. 
Season the plants to take full sunlight as soon as advisable. 
Watch moisture closely during the first 7 to 10 days; or until 
germination has taken place. Any dryness at this period will prove 
absolutely fatal to the seeds and lack of adequate moisture for even a 
short time will greatly reduce germination. This does not mean, 
though, that beds must be kept soaked. The surface may appear 
dry but adequate moisture remain under the peat moss, around the 
seeds. It is here that examination should be made to determine when 
the beds need watering again. 
Because of the difficulty experienced in maintaining moisture we 
do not recommend planting of Pansies in flats during the hot summer 
months. Nor, will Pansies give as good results when transplanted into 
flats as they will in outdoor beds. Flat growing may appear to offer 
some conveniences and sales advantages but if this type of stock must 
Jbe supplied, we suggest putting them into the flats after reaching good 
market condition. 
CAUSES OF FAILURES 
Damping off may cause some trouble. This ordinarily may be 
handled by holding the beds on the dry side after seeds are up, and 
until the third or fourth leaf is out. Supply just enough water to keep 
the plants from injury. In severe cases Flowers of Sulphur, Semesan, 
or formaldehyde may be used with good results, usually. 
Another common cause of loss is covering the seeds too deeply. 
Care should be taken on this point and as stated above, Jg inch is 
proper. Crickets, slugs and some forms of beetles will both eat and 
carry the seeds off. In some instances they have been known to eat 
the plant after it was up. In some southern States we have had 
reports of a small worm that eats seedlings. 
Mice are also very distructive. They will dig up the seeds and eat 
the kernel before they germinate. Usually they will remove the hull, 
and leave it so nearly whole that it is only on the closest examination 
that the distruction of the seeds will be noticed. Mice are especially 
fond of Pansy seeds, and many of the reports of poor germination not 
directly traceable to weather conditions at the time of sowing or other 
connected faults of care can be traced to this sort of damage. 
TRANSPLANTING 
It is at this point of Pansy culture that probably as many mistakes 
are made as at any other period. In order that the cause of such 
trouble may be brought to your attention, we offer the following few 
remarks. 
Many growers, we have observed, try to complete this operation 
while the plants are too young. Seedlings should be large enough to 
withstand the setback of transplanting with as little loss as possible. 
We find that plants with from 6 to 12 leaves are best. Care should be 
taken in resetting that the plants are set to the same depth as in 
the seed bed. Shallow setting will cause a weak root stool and too 
deep a position will make a tall, informed plant. 
( Page 10 ) 
