Success with any Pansy indoors is dependent upon a good strain, 
and growing conditions. A cool house temperature must be maintained, 
and ventilation should be good. Properly grown, Pansies for cut flowers 
may be grown that are 3 inches or more in diameter on stems that 
are from 12 to 14 inches long. 
POT PANSIES 
These are handled about the same as the outdoor stock, up to the 
time they are brought indoors. They should be outdoor grown in frames 
where they may be protected in severe weather until they begin show¬ 
ing buds. They may then be potted up or placed in boxes being 
brought indoors 2 to 4 weeks before they are wanted in flower. In 
mid-winter and under some other sub-normal conditions it will be 
ibest to allow the maximum time. In potting, disturb the roots as 
little as you can in order to avoid serious setback. Brought indoors 
and treated about the same as the cut flower stock mentioned above, 
they should make nice specimens. It is of course advisable to grade 
and select the best plants in a lot at potting time. If difficulty is 
experienced in supplying sufficient moisture after potting, plung the 
pots level with the top in soil. 
This stock should be sown early— July and August. If grown 
until late winter or early spring outdoors they should be protected 
from severe freezes. They make fine stock for early porch and window 
boxes, as well as urns as they give an abundance of flowers in this 
type of planting before it is safe to plant other flowers in them. 
Many of our customers use these to make two sales a year to fill 
these boxes. 
WINTERING PANSIES OUT OF DOORS 
It is definitly known that Pansies to be wintered outdoors should 
have a good start before heavy ground freezes come or they must be 
protected by glass frames. Seedlings should be of fair size—6 to 12 
leaves— when transplanted and be in a firm condition of growth. 
It is absolutely essential that beds in which Pansies are to be wintered, 
have good drainage. In this situation, with the plants well established, 
jio trouble in getting a perfect winter carry over should be experienced. 
While glass frames in extremely cold climates are undoubtedly the 
"best, they are by no means necessary for success. A loose mulch of 
small brush, or litter, that will stand up off the plants so as not to 
smother them is good; but the most satisfactory method we have 
found is to plant in cold frames and cover in severe weather with lath 
shading frames. These are just lath nailed to cleats, leaving an open 
space the width of a lath between each. On soils where texture of the 
soil is such that there is no danger of heaving, these will provide 
adequate protection. 
Some growers use straw or marsh hay with excellent results and 
they are quite inexpensive. The principle function of any protection of 
this type is to prevent frequent and sudden changes to or from a 
frozen condition of the ground. The success of this system of protection 
is demonstrated by the fact that many of our Canadian customers 
use them with success. 
While some varieties of Pansies are apparently somewhat more 
hardy than others, in that the foliage will withstand freezing, it is 
impossible to breed into this plant an immunity to damage by soil 
heave. This is purely a mechanical condition of the soil and will be 
found most damaging on tight textured soil. Unfortunately plants do 
not produce a good root system on these soils as compared to a light¬ 
er soil, and if you have to use such soil, better winter protection is 
the only answer to this trouble. 
In the event of sustenance of damage by freeze, the affected 
plants will give very poor results. Plants will have a weak appearance 
and the flowers will never reach the normal giant size the variety 
usually produces. In severe cases, flower coloring will tend to break 
toward the yellow shades and these will become predominate. The 
finest, hybrid colors may be lost entirely and in such a case the 
stock may give the appearance of a very poor strain. Plants wintered 
with wet feet may show the same faults. 
In warning of these conditions, no wish to build a fear of winter 
loss is intended. We simply want to point out conditions that can 
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