*9 
The upper portion of the calycine bodywall of H. kollikeri inclines to be more flexible 
and less rough than that of H. viridis, partly due to a slighter spiculation and partly to a 
lesser degree of horniness. The shorter calyx of the former is also more trumpet shaped, 
broadening out at the top. The anthocodia is more transparent than the absolutely opaque 
creamy anthocodia of H. viridis. 
Spiculation: — A marked resemblance is seen between the spiculation of their calycine 
portions, most notably in the presence in both of the irregular Telestid type of spicule; the same 
three types of spicule are found in both, but the spicules of H. kollikeri are not quite so 
massive or so numerous. 
A contrast is seen in the spicules of the anthocodia. In H. kollikeri , in addition to even 
more minute discs than those of H. viridis are found slender warted spindles arranged in eight 
ridges, and small rodlets. 
Genus Pachyclavularia. 
i. Pachyclavularia erecta Roule. (Plate II, Figs. 4, 8 and 9; Plate V, Figs. 6, 7 and 9; 
Plate XVI, Figs. 1 and 2). 
For description see: 
ROULE. Revue Suisse Zool. XVI, 1908, pp. 165—8, 3 figs. 
(Compare Studer. Sitzungsber. phys.-math. Klasse Akad. Berlin, 1878. Ubersicht der Anthozoa 
Alcyonaria, p. 633, 2 figs.) 
Stat. 19. 8°44 / -5 S., ii6°2'.5E. 18—27 M. River-mud, coral, coralsand. 1 Ex. In fragments. 
Stat. 33. Labuan Hadji, Lombok. 1 Ex. 
Stat. 34. Labuan Pandan, Lombok. Shore. 2 Ex. in fragments. 
Stat. 58. Savu. Up to 27 M. Sand. 1 Ex. in fragments. 
Stat. 163. Selee Strait. 29 M. Sand and stone, mixed with mud. 1 Ex. in fragments. 
Stat. 181. Amboina. 36—54 M. Mud, sand and coral. 2 Ex. in fragments. 
Stat. 250. Kur. Reef, i Ex. in fragments. 
Numerous colonies of bright purple polyps, with an average height of 6 mm. and diameter 
of 2 mm., rising from a much folded, often thick membrane (often 2 mm. thick) which spreads 
over a heterogeneous substratum of shells, sponge, and other materials, and which, being very 
brittle, tends to break up the colony into many fragments. A typical mass is about 4 inches in 
diameter and presents an extraordinary appearance. It agrees well with Roule’s figures of 
Pachyclavularia erecta , and is a very interesting form. 
The calyx wall is very firm and stiff, longitudinally grooved, densely covered with 
longitudinally disposed spicules. Its oral margin is turned inwards and the purplish spicules are 
continued downwards for a short distance in lobes or tongues. From the retracted mouth the 
stomodaeum continues, and from it in intermesenteric regions the plump finger-like tentacles, up 
to 2.4 mm. in length, grow out with their blunt tips turned in most cases downwards, and 
sometimes pressed into well-defined, doubtless temporary, pouches formed on the wall of the 
retracted polyp below the stomodaeal region. Sections show that the columnar epithelium of the 
stomodaeum is continued into the inside of the tentacle, surrounding the lumen. Thus the surface 
of the tentacles seen when a polyp is dissected is the endoderm. When the oral region of the 
polyp is protruded the tentacles must be individually evaginated. In some cases where tentacles 
are visible at the mouth of the calyx there is no hint of pinnules; and in such specimens there 
