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thornless dumb-bells, with a very distinct neck, with the heads covered with extremely minute 
asperities; (b) minute forms with the same characters, often with a very long neck; (r) numerous 
dumb-bells with heads covered with somewhat blunt prominences. Some of the largest ( a ) forms 
begin to show marked terminal roughness, convergent towards the (r) type, though doubtless of 
different development. This species is closely related to L. globuliferzim , but (i) the relatively 
smooth dumb-bells (i. e. with no more than minute asperities) are less numerous, while some of 
them attain a much larger size, and most of them have the heads less markedly defined off 
than in L. globuliferum \ (2) there are characteristic minute dumb-bells, ( b ), with the narrow 
neck region disproportionately long; (3) the prominences of the rough dumb-bells are less 
rounded, though not spinose. 
Another colony from the same station has a maximum diameter of 1.11 cm. and a 
height of 1 cm. 
Dimensions of the spicules are as follows : 
(a) a maximum size of 0.08 X 0.04 mm. 
(b) 0.04 X 0.01 mm. 
(c) a maximum size of 0.09 X 0.05 mm. 
Genus Alcyonium. 
1. Alcyonium dendroides n. sp. (Plate IX, F"ig. 5; Plate XV, Fig. 7). 
Stat. 37. Sailus Ketjil, Paternoster-islands. Reef. 1 Ex. 
A large monomorphic species without the huge spindles characteristic of Sinularia and 
without any hint of siphonozooids may be referred to the genus Alcyonium. 
The sterile trunk has a breadth of 13 cm. and a height before branching of about 6 cm. 
It gives rise to very substantial short branches, about five in number but pressed into one 
another. These bear secondary short branches, which give rise to a multitude of tapering finger¬ 
like lobes, more pointed than in S. polydactylum, with an average length of 1.5 cm. and 
breadth of 8 mm. They are thickly covered with completely retracted polyps. A cross section 
shows a very definite central canal, as is also seen in S. polydactyhun. The finger-like lobes 
are smooth, like moistened leather, but they are very readily broken off. Even on the trunk 
the surface is only slightly rough, very different from a typical Sinularia. 
The spicules include the following forms : 
(a) numerous broad blunt spindles, covered densely with compound warts, and sometimes forked; 
up to 0.9 mm. in length and 0.2 mm. in breadth; 
(b) much smaller slender spindles with less crowded tubercles, sometimes simple, sometimes 
compound; average dimensions 0.4 X 0.06 mm.; 
(c) irregular shapes derived from (a) and (b ) ; 
( d ) small approximations to clubs, with one end broader and more tuberculate than the other; 
0.05 X 0.03 mm.; 0.07 X 0.04 mm.; 
(e) numerous double spheres, sometimes double clubs, with dense tuberculation and little hint 
of a waist; 0.05 X 0.03 mm.; 
(f) a few small irregular forms, including crosses; 0.07 X 0.04 mm.; 
