i°3 
In the dendrophyta- group, D. villosa belongs to grade I. with many spicules in each 
double row, while grade II. in the florida-gvoup may be illustrated by D. brevircuria (with 6 — 8) 
and D. jlorida (with 5 — 7). As the climax on this line of evolution, we may rank D. pectinata 
with a gigantic development of one of the two uppermost spicules in each point. 
Again in the rubra-group , grade I. is well represented by D. repens , while in the spinulosa- 
group, grade II. is probably represented by D. spinulosa itself, with 6 — 8 pairs, very small and 
not projecting, even better by this than by D. flabellifera where there are 8 — 9, in which, however, 
may be recognized the beginning of differentiation : viz., a specialization of the highest pair. 
In tabular form these conclusions may be represented as follows : 
I 
II 
Ill 
GRADE 
GLOMERATES 
DIVARICATES 
UMBELLATES 
VI 
D. punicea (Stud.) ') 
D. carnea (Wr. & Stud.) 
D. doederleini Kiik. 
D. piitteri Kiik. 
D. suensoni (Holm) 
D. orientalis Hend. 
D. fiammea Sherriffs 
D. cervicornis (Wr. & Stud). 
D. halterosclera n. sp. 
D. longicaulis Kiik. 
D. simplex Sherriffs 
V 
D. eburnea Kiik. 
D. coronata (Wr. & Stud.) 
D. rubescens n. sp. 
IV 
D. spinifera (Holm) 
D. kollikeri Kiik. 
D. mollis (Holm) 
D. circium Kiik. 
D. involuta Kiik. 
D. mirabilis Hend. 
D. disciformis Kiik. 
D. rubra (May) 
D. pumilio (Studer) 
D. nigrescens Kiik. 
D. collaris (Wr. & Stud.) 
D. sinensis (Piit.) 
D. lutea Kiik. 
D. reticulata n. sp. 
III 
D. studeri (Ridley) 
D. gigantea (Verr.). 
D. intermedia n. sp. 
D. dendrophyta (Stud.) 
D. hyalina Kiik. 
D. mexicana Kiik. 
D. jlorida (Esper). 
D. stolonifera (May) 
D. dofleini Kiik. 
D. armifer n. sp. 
II 
D. mayi Kiik. 
D. hemprichi (Klunz.) 
D. klunzingeri (Stud.) 
D. ehrenbergi Kiik. 
D. japonica Kiik. 
D. microspiculata (Piit). 
D. erinacea Kiik. 
D. brevirama (Burch.) 
D. amoebisclera n. sp. 
D. spinulosa (Gray) 
D. habereri Kiik. 
D. annectens Sherriffs 
I 
D. argentea Kiik. 
D. clavata Kiik. 
D. villosa Kiik. 
D. australis Kiik. 
D. repens Kiik. 
1 ) The species printed in italics are represented in the “Siboga” collection. 
