12 2 
in the anthocodial points shows great variability. In some colonies five pairs is the predominant 
number, while four or six also occur; we found as few as four and as many as seven in one 
colony. After examining a very large number, we place the average at 5—6 pairs. Sometimes 
the e n chevron rows are very regular, but on the other hand they may be very irregular, 
as figured by Kukenthal. (4) In certain cases, though not in the majority, the uppermost pair 
is distinctly longer and stronger than the others. (5) In some specimens the supporting bundle is 
of the ensheathing type, as figured by Kukenthal, but in others one of the spicules is considerably 
longer than the others and projects. (6) In some of the specimens, exceedingly characteristic 
is the heavy armature of the tentacles. It should be noted further that when the tentacles are 
fully expanded the arrangement of the spicules is in a double longitudinal row, and in our 
judgment it seems a mistake to attach importance to transverse or longitudinal arrangement. 
Very characteristic, however, of all the specimens is the nature of the spicules of the 
lower cortex. These consist of (1) long and short, massive, blunt, very tuberculate spindles. 
These are covered with compound warts and it is difficult to exaggerate the spinosity of some 
of the warts, which bear secondary and tertiary branches, sometimes almost antler-like. (2) Spiny 
spindles, from which are derived triradiates and quadriradiates. (3) Minute smooth capstans 
which by connecting stages develop into large massive rough irregulars. 
Of special interest is the variety of colour schemes in this species. These are referred 
to individually in the description of the different specimens : 
( a ) A compact stiff colony with a sterile stalk 2.5 cm. long and about the same in diameter. 
There are numerous stolons to which sand and shells adhere. The polyparium is considerably 
flattened. The general colour is chocolate brown, but the polyps are yellow. 
Locality: Station 315. 
(b) A complete stiff colony with a short basal stalk, from the periphery of which a mass of 
stolons arise. Many of these are considerably branched and have sand and shells embedded in 
them. Some of them are 10 cm. long. There is no hint of attachment and the colony must have 
been fixed in a bottom of sand and shells by means of the stolons. The colony is considerably 
flattened in one plane. The sterile stalk is chocolate red ; the base of the polyparium is orange, 
and this colour extends irregularly up the flattened sides; the margins and the top of the 
polyparium are chocolate. The polyps are of a yellow colour throughout. 
Locality: Station 315. 
(r) A beautiful compact stiff colony, considerably flattened. The flattened sides are chocolate 
brown, while the edges are orange. In all cases the polyps are yellow. (Four pairs is the 
commonest number in the points of the anthocodise.) 
The colour scheme in these three specimens is remarkable on account of its distribution 
on the colonies : in (a) chocolate brown throughout; in (b) chocolate brown on edges and 
orange on sides; in ( c ) chocolate brown on sides and orange on edges. 
(d) Very similar to the preceding three specimens is a broken portion of what was evidently 
a large colony, compact and brittle. Some of the branches are chocolate red, others are orange, 
but in all cases the polyps are yellow. 
In this specimen, exceedingly characteristic is the heavy armature of the tentacles. 
Station 310. 
