1 3 1 
merges upwards into a reddish chocolate. This is due to the colouration ol the spicules of the 
polyp stalks and anthocodise. 
The long spindles are thinly warted, not, as Kukenthal said, distantly spined. The 
spicules of the lower cortex, however, agree well with his description. 
Worthy of note is the occurrence of spicules on a smaller scale than those already 
described. They are irregular but capstan-like, and may be regarded as the first stages of the 
warty irregular radiates. 
Previously recorded from Japan. 
21. Dendronephthya dofleini Kiik. (Plate XXVI, Fig. 6). 
For description see: KUKENTHAL, Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien, II, 1905, pp. 662 — 5. 
Stat. 258. Tual-anchorage, Kei Islands. 22 M. Lithothamnion, sand and coral. 1 Ex. 
Anthocodial Grade and Formula: 
III = 5 p -j- o Cr -p strong S. B. 
We refer to this species a small, almost globular, compact Umbellate colony, 5 cm. in 
height and 5 cm. in breadth. From a uniform grouping of the umbels there results a more or 
less uniform surface. It belongs to Kukenthal’s florida-<gxox\\ ), section 2 (short polyp stalk). 
Within this section it agrees with D. dofleini in the following details : 
(1) each anthocodial point consists of 5 pairs of en chevron spindles, very regularly arranged, 
the two uppermost longer and stronger and sometimes projecting. Many of the polyps show, 
as Kukenthal describes, no projection of the uppermost spicules of the en chevron rows 
or only a slight one, whereas an almost equal number may be seen with eight markedly 
projecting spicules. In our judgment this difference depends entirely on the degree of 
retraction of the polyp ; 
(2) between the points of the anthocodise small intermediate spicules occur ; 
(3) the supporting bundle is strong and may project for 1 mm. ; 
(4) the upper cortex contains long curved spindles; 
(5) in the lower cortex there are strongly spinose and warty spindles. These pass to triradiates 
and quadriradiates and to warty stellate forms. 
The general form of the colony approaches more closely to Kukenthal’s first type, 
(viz. compact), with which it also agrees in the proportion of stalk to polyparium and in the 
general colour scheme. The general impression is a rich cream, but examination with a lens 
reveals that the tips of many of the projecting spicules of the supporting bundle are pinkish or red. 
Previously recorded from Hong Kong and the Malay Peninsula. 
22. Dendronephthya armifer n. sp. (Plate XXVI, Fig. 2). 
Stat. Not recorded. 1 Ex. 
Diagnosis: Umbellate; outline uniform, compact, disc-like; polyps globular, standing at 
right angles to the supporting bundle; polyps in bundles of twelve or so; bundles so crowded 
that an almost continuous surface is presented ; supporting bundle strong with a single spicule 
projecting over 1 mm.; point spicules 4 — -6 pairs arranged in a very uniform isosceles triangle ; 
none projecting; Grade III; spicules of the lower cortex, one-sided curved spindles approaching 
