140 
On the other hand (1) it cannot be said that the stalks of the polyps are elongated, 
“lank up to 2 mm.”; for those of a compact bundle have never more than a short stalk and 
this is, in many cases, absent. 
(2) Another difference, to which, however, we do not attach much importance, is the 
absence of projecting spicules in the great majority of the anthocodiae. In the Challenger figure 
of D. coronata many of the polyps are shown with very projecting spicules and the name 
coronata was given in reference to “the fact that the spicules project above the margin like 
the points of a crown”. 
Wright and Studer add, however, that the points can also “close together over the mouth 
like a lid". This is in entire agreement with our view that the projection or non-projection of 
upper spicules depends upon the degree of polyp contraction and should not be regarded as 
diagnostic. Much more important is the question as to whether the uppermost pair is markedly 
stronger than those below. 
Spicules : The various types of spicules previously described for D. coronata are present 
in these specimens, e.g. spindles, triradiates and quadriradiates, but in addition to these there 
are kneed spindles with one side more warty than the other and with a marked lateral expansion 
of the warts. In some of the spindles this asymmetry results in a distinct foliaceous expansion. 
There are also four-cornered capstans from which arise warty irregulars, sometimes with a rough 
boss in the centre. These warty irregulars may develop into flat multiradiates. Small smooth 
transparent irregulars also occur. 
30. Dendronephthya coronata (Wr. & Stud.). (Plate XX, Fig. 11). 
For description see: WRIGHT & STUDER, in Report Challenger, vol. XXI, 1889, pp. 212 — 213. 
Stat. Not recorded. 1 Ex. 
Diagnosis: Umbellate; polyps not grouped in small hemispherical heads; outline uniform; 
polyps in small loose bundles of 3—-5; polyp stalks medium, rather long than short; supporting 
bundle very strong; point spicules 3—4 pairs, the upper pair, or one of them, markedly 
projecting; pseudo-crown of three rows of roughly horizontal spindles; grade V.; spicules:• cortex 
of the stem shows stout, thick spindles strongly tuberculate, also triradiates, quadriradiates, and 
irregular forms. 
o 
Anthocodial Grade and Formula: 
V = 37—4 p fl- 3 Cr fl- very strong S. B. 
Descriptive Notes: 
Colony as a whole. A small colony with polyps in distinct umbels, but not grouped in 
small hemispherical heads and forming as a whole a fairly uniform outline, agrees in general 
with D. coronata , especially as revised by Kukenthal. It belongs to his florida-gxo^ of 
Umbellatae, being slightly flattened in a longitudinal oval and showing a convex upper surface 
to the umbels. 
Branching. The branches of the stem lead to the formation of large hemispherical 
masses of polyps. 
Colouring. The general colour of the colony is orange red. 
