142 
Polyp stalks are on an average about i mm. long, but a length of 2 mm. may be 
attained. They appear to be bare on the ventral side. The bundles of polyps are disposed 
in small loose umbellate groups. The upper part of the stalk, however, as Kukenthal describes, 
shows an incrustation of minute polyps. 
Polyp spicules. The anthocodial armature conforms with Kukenthal’s figure, but we 
should describe it somewhat differently, for it seems to us to have in each true point only one 
pair, one member of which is distinctly larger than the other, all the other (4 — 6) spicules 
being referable to the crown. He described it as consisting of ( a ) two closely apposed spicules 
forming the upper part of the point, ( b ) below these 1 — 2 pairs of horizontals forming what 
we call a pseudo-crown, and (r) below that again 3 — 4 converging pairs, merging with the 
accessories of the supporting bundle, which is very short, scarcely projecting. 
Other spicules The cortex of the branches is closely covered with strong spindles of 
typical shape and with blunt tubercles — a feature in which this specimen does not conform to 
Kukenthal’s description of D. longicaulis , where “the branch-cortex contains isolated longitu¬ 
dinally disposed very narrow spindles with sharp thorns”. 
On the other hand, the cortex of the stalk shows a close array of stars as Kukenthal 
describes, and with the same average diameter of 0.1 mm. Among the stairs are a few broad, 
short, densely tuberculate spindles. 
Previously recorded from Japan. 
32. Dendronephthya simplex Sherriffs. (Plate XX, Fig. 15). 
Stat. Not recorded. 1 Ex. 
Diagnosis: Umbellate; compact; slightly flattened umbels not combined into large hemi¬ 
spherical masses; lower branches foliaceous; contour uniform ; polyps compact ; polyp stalks 
short; supporting bundle strong; point spicules, a single converging pair ; pseudo-crown of some 
three rows of curved spindles ; grade VI.; spicules : cortex has stout tuberculate spindles but no stars. 
Anthocodial Grade and Formula: 
VI = 1 or 2 P -j- 3 Cr -p strong S.- B. 
Descriptive Notes: 
Colony as a whole. The entire colony is 9 cm. in height, of which 2.5 cm. go to the 
sterile stalk. The breadth of the polyparium is 6 cm. The polyp-bearing twigs form small umbels, 
but these do not combine in larger hemispherical masses. The specimen should therefore be 
referred to Kukenthal’s second section of the Umbellatae and to the florida-g roup, though the 
shape of the polyparium is circular rather than long oval. There is a uniform, very slightly 
interrupted contour to the whole colony, which has a somewhat flattened circular shape. The 
general appearance is compact. Practically the whole surface is covered by the polyps on their 
umbels, and no polyps occur except on the surface. 
Branching:. Some of the lower branches are foliaceous. 
Colouring. On the whole the colour is drab-yellow. 
Polyp stalk. Short polyps in compact bundles of 10 or so, forming dense corymbs. The 
anthocodial armature consists of eight points, each with two long converging spindles; and it 
