ones between. According to Wright and Studer, A. crassa has not the same rigid consistency 
as A. scoparia and A. dipsacea. 
6. Siphonogorgia cylindrata Iviikenthal, 1896. 
(1) Not described. 
(2) Verrucae prominent, broad warty structures of converging spicules, mostly s-shaped, often 
as large as 2 mm. 
(3) Anthocodiae completely retracted. 
(4) Canals very narrow in the main stem. 
(5) Spicules of coenenchyma large (3.7 X 0.4 mm.), thickly beset with small round warts. Masses 
of very small spicules with small warts occur in the inside of the stem (0.5 X 0.03 mm.) 
(6) Branches and stem quite cylindrical, very rigid and brittle. 
Colour, yellow ochre, with lighter polyps. 
Locality: Ternate. 
7. Siphonogorgia dipsacea Wright and Studer, 1889. 
(1) Not described. 
(2) Verrucae appressed to the stem, do not rise up sharply from the coenenchyma. 
(3) Polyps unretracted. 
(4) Canal walls thin, gradually increasing in width from the top of the colony to the base. 
(5) Spicules of stem and branches somewhat blunted at both ends and thickly surrounded with 
blunt vertical warts. 
(6) Branches stiff and fingerlike, tapering to the ends. Very little secondary branching. Long 
barren stem. 
Colour, yellow to reddish yellow, with purple polyps. 
Locality: Hyalonema Ground, Japan. 
Note. See S. crassa. 
8. Siphonogorgia dojleini Kiikenthal, 1906. 
(1) Crown — 12 rows of spicules. 
Points — sometimes as many as 4 pairs en chevron. 
(2) Verrucae formed of broad bundles of strong spindle-shaped spicules, some of which reach 
to the top of the anthocodiae. 
(3) Anthocodiae not wholly retracted. 
(4) A few large canals with thin walls. 
( 5 ) Typical Siphonogorgia spindles, stout for the most part, with small slender ones in the 
canal walls. Large and small warts occur. 
(6) Colour, reddish — violet—orange, with grey-green polyps. 
Locality: Idzu, Japan. 
Note. Differs from S', variabilis mainly in the heavier armature of the polyp. 
