Points 
— (i) Fan-shaped with i prominent spicule and 4 or 5 smaller ones, on either side 
(FIickson, 1903). 
(2) 6 — 8 curved spicules, usually forming a point, sometimes fan-shaped (Thomson & 
Russell, 1910). 
(3) 2 large spicules with 1 between, and with smaller ones between the points, or 
5 large spicules 2 on one side and 3 on the other directed inwards, or no 
definite arrangement (Thomson & Simpson, 1909). 
(2) Verrucae usually prominent, composed of spicules with points directed inwards, forming a 
protection to the polyp. 
(3) Anthocodiae may be retracted but not always. 
(4) One large central canal surrounded by smaller ones. Canal walls thick. 
(5) Spicules of the main stem usually short and broad, with large warts, and arranged transversely. 
Those of the smaller branches longer, narrower, more spindle-shaped and disposed longitudinally. 
(6) Branching in one plane, main branches cylindrical, smaller twigs not so regular. 
Localities: Red Sea, Ternate, The Maldives, N.W. Australia, Providence. 
Note. This species requires investigation. The variations in the crown and points appear 
too great to occur in one species. 
24. Siphonogbrgia pallida Studer, 1889. 
(1) Not described. 
(2) Well defined verrucae, somewhat laterally compressed towards the lower portion. 
(3) Anthococliae entirely retractile. 
(4) 4 central canals separated by thin septa. 
(5) Spicules of the outer wall large, thick and distinguishable by the naked eye, somewhat 
blunt at the ends and thickly beset with stout granulated warts. Within the coenenchyma 
and between the septa long rods and small blunt knobs occur, with spines instead of warts. 
(6) Polyps only on the twigs and sub-twigs. 
Colour —- pale red (spicules purple and white irregularly mingled), polyps white. 
Localities: Admiralty Islands, Funafuti. 
25. Siphonogorgici palmata Thomson & Simpson, 1909. 
(1) Anthocodiae small. 
(a) Crown — 8—10 rows of spicules. 
(fi) Points — two very large unequal bent spindles, touching on the convex sides for the upper 
half but diverging at the base. There may be smaller ones between. 
(2) Verrucae, ledge-like and extremely substantial. The ends of the large spicules project at the 
top, so as to form a shield for the anthocodiae. 
(3) Only in exceptional cases do the verrucae entirely encircle the polyp. 
(4) Not described. 
(5) Large spindles. 
(6) Branches very thick and lobate, colony stiff and rigid. 
Locality: Andamans. 
SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE XIII d. 
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