1 75 
stems and branches, a short barren area, of varying height, occurring at the base of the main 
stems. The colour is pale yellow with an occasional outcrop of pinkish spicules. On the basal 
portion, and on the rootwork, the red colour is very pronounced. 
The anthocodial armature consists of 2 or 3 rows of spicules in the crown, and 8 small 
spicules in each point, arranged in four pairs in chevron. The anthocodiae are small and white. 
Obtuse and prominent verrucae, into which the anthocodiae are well retracted, occur all round, 
and a common height is 1.5 mm. Some of them show a hint of eight rays on the top, but the 
great majority are so firmly contracted, that no trace of an opening can be seen without dis¬ 
section. The core is composed of interlocking tuberculate spindles, both colourless and red. 
There is a distinct red zone next the cortex. There is usually a central canal, with two or 
three others towards the periphery, separated by thick walls filled with spicules. 
The spicules include the following forms : 
(1) Most characteristic are relatively broad, blunt-ended spindles, densely covered with compound 
tubercles. The majority fall within the limits of 0.2 Xo.innn. — 0.5 X °- 2 mm - 
(2) Numerous narrow spindles, without the very large tubercles. Most of them are about 0.2 mm. 
in length. 
(3) Irregularly branched red forms, with very long prominences, sometimes much more developed 
on one side than on the other. Some of these are crescents, 0.4 mm. from tip to tip, with 
disproportionately long compound prominences. 
(4) A few straight red spindles 0.4 mm. in length, with distant prominences. 
20. Siphonogorgici rugosa Chalmers. 
See: CHALMERS, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Vol. XXI, Part 4, p. 164. 
Stat. 166. 2° 28k 5 S., I3i°3 / -3E. 118 M. Hard, coarse sand. 1 Ex. 
Stat. 204. Between islands of Wowoni and Buton; northern entrance of Buton Strait, 75—94 M. 
Sand with dead shells. 1 Ex. 
Stat. 260. 5°36 / .5S., I32°55 / .2E. 90 M. Sand, coral and shells. 2 Ex. 
Miss Chalmers found it impossible to refer these specimens to any of the previously 
described species. The peculiarities are the following: 
(1) The anthocodiae are long and thin and flattened from side to side. The anthocodial armature 
consists of points formed of 4—5 pairs of approximately uniform spicules in chevron and a 
crown of 3—4 rows. 
(2) The verrucae are prominent, about 2 mm. in height, and often far apart. In many cases 
single spindles extend over the whole space from base to tip. 
(3) The anthocodiae may be completely encircled by the verrucae, but are often entirely unretracted. 
(4) A few large canals with thin walls occur in the stem. 
(5) The stem and verruca spindles are very large, up to 5 mm., but they do not agree with 
X. macrospinci or with X. macrospiculata. They are very thickly beset with short compound 
warts, often producing the appearance of sloping rows. 
One specimen is altogether bright red; it rises to a height of 6 cm.; and gives off two 
or three slender branches, almost vertically. The anthocodiae are white. A second specimen is 
red in the sterile stalk portion, which is 4 cm. high and about 7 mm. in breadth, but the 
