ALL NATURAL SCIENCE HIS PROVINCE 117 
The All-Round Naturalist. 
Looking from a distance of more than half a 
century on the scientific work of William Mac- 
Gillivray, we have as our first impression that he 
stands for a type rapidly becoming rare—the all¬ 
round naturalist. For, while he has left his deepest 
mark on ornithology, he took all natural science 
for his province, and does not seem to have been 
embarrassed. This all-round type is rare now, for 
scientific analysis is carried deeper, and the area 
within which an investigator can claim competence 
has been proportionally narrowed; so that, from 
amid our modern specialisms, we look back with 
almost incredulous surprise on the fact that Mac- 
Gillivray was a well-equipped geologist, botanist, 
and zoologist, and that he taught all the three 
sciences with conspicuous success. 
Nor does the difference between the old and the 
new naturalists relate merely to range of know¬ 
ledge but to range of interest. All natural 
happenings were grist to MacGillivray’s mill; and 
even when the birds became paramount, it was 
rather that their fascination had become greater, 
than that his interest in plants or rocks had 
become less. 
The all-round naturalist is seen, not so much 
in the fact that the ornithologist wrote a manual 
of geology and another of botany—for necessity has 
provoked many similar tours de force , though not 
always so dexterous as MacGillivray s-—it was seen 
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