16 
from them; in all tbe present pupal stages I find tbe structure to 
be ideutical. 
Tbe total number of pupal specimens found is 34; according 
to grade of development, size, sbape of tbe setæ etc. tbey rnay be 
grouped into four stages, in tbe following designated as B, C, B 
and E. Tbe younger stages are less numerous in my material than 
tbe older. All are attacbed by meaus of tbeir frontal appendage to 
Scopelus glacialis of 14 to 46 mm. length, mostly to young speci¬ 
mens below 30 mm. Generally each fish has only one pupa attacbed; 
but in one case I found two different pupal stages (B and D) fixed 
on the same bost (on tbe rigbt pectoral fin of a Sc. gi. of 28 mm. 
length), which besides bad a young female inserted in front of tbe 
dorsal fin; in another case I found one pupa (D) on a Scopelus 
which also carried a young female protruding in front of the dorsal 
fin. In most cases tbe pupæ are attached to tbe fins (in 28 cases 
of tbe 34), and especially to one of tbe ventrals (in 13 out of 28 
cases), rarely to the body, and in tbe latter case mostly to tbe 
belly in front of the ventrals; in one single case a pupa was found 
on the margin of the right opercle. Evidently the pupæ do not 
prefer tbe one side of the host to the other, half the number 
being found on the right, the other half on the left side. Their 
fixation is always a firm one; to liberate without damagiug them 
it is safe to use a solution of potasb. As in tbe adult and the 
Cyclops-stage no eyes are seen in the pupal stages, opposite to tbe 
case of Lernæa branchialis and tbe supposed Pennella- pupæ of 
Wierzejski. 
Stage B. (Textfig. 2 and 3.) Tbe youngest pupal stage I 
suppose to have been produced through the moulting of the Cyclops- 
stage A. It is somewhat larger than the latter, measuriug from 
0,7—0,8 mm. in length; the cephalothorax alone 0,5—0,6 mm. 
Bebind the cephalothorax only two abdominal segments are seen, 
followed by an unsegmented part, carrying the anus and very short 
furcal appendages with 4 clumsy indications of setæ. The anten- 
nules are clumsy, short, without segmentation, distally provided with 
