286 
extend from a stem over more adjacent branches, and, therefore, 
I cannot doubt but that we have to do in the named case with 
the beginning of such an extension. In opposition to the numerous 
small gonothecae of the Coppinia, which take tlieir rise from the 
peripheral tubes, the few large elongate sacs in the named Cryp - 
foførm-species spring from the axial tube, and it is not reasonable 
to suppose, that in these species the gonothecae of the two differcnt 
sexes should develop in two so very different manners. 
While in the true “Coppinia' the gonothecae are mutually 
coalesced, the “scapus’’ is only a collection of more or less densely 
crowded, but mutually not connected gonothecae. But quite similar, 
more or less dense aggregates of gonothecae are also found in other 
families, f. inst. in species of the campanularian genus Silicularia 
(— HypantheaJ 1 ), in Campanularia integra and in a number of 
Halecium- species, f. inst. in Hal. muricatum, in Hal . groenlandicum 
Krarup 2 ), and in a new species from Japan, which differs from the 
last named species therein, that the hydrothecae are perfectly 
adnate. In the two latter species the gonothecae are borne together 
with a number of hydrothecae by a large, spongy, richly bran- 
ched, free meshwork formed by a number of peripheral tubes. 
To the Lafoeidae I refer besides the genera Lafoéa (Hali- 
siphonia), Hebella, Grammaria, Cryptolaria, Perisiphonia, (Zygo- 
phylax, Brucella) and Lictorella also the species referred to Syn- 
thecium, Hypopyxis , Staurotheca , and the inoperculate species 
referred to Dietyocladium, Selaginopsis, Sertularia and Sertularella. 
Also Schneider refers Synthecium to the Lafoeidae though from 
other reasons than I, but Hartlaub 3 ), who earlier followed 
Schneider in this question, has altered his opinion, because he 
has found that the species of the latter genus are provided with 
a blind sack, a structure which he regards as characteristic of 
M 5, p. 26. 
2 ) 30 . 
3 ) 21, p. 670. 
