99 
enlarged (especially in herbivorous animals), the more the three 
outei cusps of upper molars constituting the original cutting edge 
aie pushed aside. F urther it has been considered as a disad- 
vantage that the cusps are indicated by numerals and not by names; 
but the numerals have the ad van tage of being purely topographical 
without implying any statement of the theoretical cusp-phylogeny, 
so that they may be used even by those who do not adopt Winge’s 
\iews. A nomenclature satisfying those claims would readily become 
too long and inconvenient. 1 ) — For the sake of convenience I give 
a parallel between Osborn’s names in their ordinary application and 
Winge’s indications: 
Upper 
j a w 
Lower jaw 
Osborn 
Winge 
Osborn 
Winge 
Protocone 
6 
Protoconid 
4 
Paracone 
4 
Paraconid 
1 
Metacone 
5 
Metaconid 
2 
Hypocone 
7 
Hypoconid 
5 
Parastyle 
1 
Entoconid 
3 
Mesostyle 
2 
Hypoconulid 
(Accessory cusp). 
Metastyle 3 
In the present paper Winge’s terms will be used. 
Construction of 
In three different orders 
upper carnassial 
of the mammals 
tooth. 
we meet with that 
developraent 
of one or more 
upper cheek-teeth 
which we indicate 
as Carnassial (carnassiére, Eaub- or Reisszahn): in Marsupialia 
polyprotodonta ( Sarcophilus, Thylacinus ), Creodonta (Carnivora pri¬ 
mitiva Winge), especially Pterodon and Hyænodon, and Carnivora 
9 If a nomenclature were demanded, I would propose the term mastos 
(Maazog ) for a cusp — conus and cuspis being anticipated by others —, 
the outer row being named ectomasts (anterior, median and posterior e.), 
the middle row mesomasts (anterior and posterior m.), the inner row 
entomasts (anterior and posterior e.). The cusps of the lower teeth 
might be distinguished as -mastid (ekto- and entomastid) — or, 
corresponding to the numerals, pr oto-, deutero-, trito-, tetarto- 
... mast( id). 
7 * 
