425 
VIL Off the Azores, oii the steep slopes towards the great 
depths of the Atlantic. 
„Talisman“ 1883. St. 119. 2195 meters. South of the Azores: 
Cardium norvegicum, Chemnitz. Sublittoral. 
„Talisman^ 1883. St. 53. 2995 m. North of San Miguel; 
Murex edwardsi, Pajraudeau. Young specimen. Sublittoral. 
„11 vit ordinairement dans la zone littorale, sur les cotes de France, 
et descend plus rarement dans la zone herhacée“. Locard, 1. c. 
I. p. 311. 
Similar facts present themselves at the American coasts. Du¬ 
ring the dredgings of the „Fish-Hawk“, „Blake“ and „Albatross“ 
numerous dead shallow-water shells have been procured from great 
depths. In Opposition to Jeffreys and Locard, but in accordance 
with Forbes, Mc. Andrew and most of the Scandinavian and 
German authors, the American naturalists W. H. Dall, A. E. Verrill 
and K. J. Bush have carefully recorded, when their statements about 
the vertical distribution refer to living specimens, and when they 
only refer to dead shells. 
The examples given below regarding the faet that dead shells 
have been found far outside the vertical range of the respective 
species are quoted from A. E. Verrill (1885)^), and K. J. Bush 
^(1893)2). The statements about the vertical distribution of the 
living molluscs have been taken from the same works and from 
J. F. Whiteaves (1869)3), ^nd A. E. Verrill (1873—74)^). 
0 A. E. Verrill: „Results of the explorations made by the steamer Alba- 
tross off the Northern Coasts of the United States, in 1883“. Report 
U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Part XI, 1883. Washington 
1885. 
*) K. J. Bush; „Report on the Mollusca dredged by the „Blake“ in 1883“ 
etc. Bulletin Mus. Comp. Zool. at Harvard College. Vol. XXIII. 1893. 
®) J. F. Whiteaves; „On the marine Mollusca of Eastern Canada“. 
Canadian Naturalist & Geologist. Vol. 3. Montreal 1869. 
*) A. E. Verrill; „Results of recent Dredging Expeditions on the Coast 
of New England“. Amer. Journ. Sci. & Arts. III. Ser. Vol. V to VIL 
New Haven 1873—74. 
