SCOUTING FOR GIRLS 
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2. (a) BURNS; (b) SCALDS; (c) SUNBURN; 
(d) FROSTBITE 
(a) Burns are produced by dry heat, as a fire, acids, 
alkalis, etc., and may be of all degrees, from, a super- 
ficial reddening of the skin to a burning of the tissues 
to the bone. 
(b) Scalds are produced by moist heat, and may be 
of the same degrees as those produced by dry heat. 
(c) Sunburn is produced by the sun, and is usually 
superficial, but may be quite severe. 
(d) Frostbite is produced by freezing the tissues and 
is usually not dangerous. The more severe types will be 
treated later under Freezing. 
Treatment— { a) Burns ; (b) Scalds 
1. Except in the minor burns and scalds, send for 
the doctor at once. 
2. The first thing to do is allay pain by protecting 
the injured part from the air, since the oxygen in the 
air keeps the fire burning in the flesh as it does in wood. 
3. For a burn produced by fire, cover with a paste 
made of baking soda and water, or smear with grease 
— as lard, carron oil (mixture of linseed oil and lime 
water — half and half) or vaseline. Cover with a piece 
of clean cloth or absorbent gauze and bandage loosely 
or tie in place. Gauze prepared with picric acid, if at 
hand, is a most satisfactory dressing. It can be pur- 
chased and kept on hand for emergencies. 
4. In burns from alkalis or acids, wash off as quickly 
as possible and neutralize (make inactive) the acids 
with baking soda, weak ammonia or soapsuds ; the alka- 
lis with vinegar or lemon juice. Afterward treat like 
other burns. 
(c) Sunburn is an inflammation of the skin produced 
by the action of the sun’s rays and may be prevented 
