SCOUTING FOR GIRLS 
177 
overloading of the stomach. Holding the breath for 
one-half a minute will usually cure it, as it holds quiet 
the diaphragm (the large muscular and fibrous parti- 
tion between the chest and abdomen), and overcomes 
its involuntary contractions which are causing the hic- 
coughs. A scare has the same effect sometimes. If 
the hiccoughs still continue troublesome after these sim- 
ple remedies try to cause vomiting by drinking luke- 
warm water, which will get rid of the offending ma- 
terial causing the hiccough, and relieve the distress. 
9. NOSE BLEED 
The ordinary nose bleed will soon stop from the 
normal clotting of the blood and does not require treat- 
ment. 
(c) Keep head elevated, with patient sitting up if 
possible. Do not blow the nose, as this will dislodge 
any clot which may have formed, and the bleeding will 
begin again. Any tight collar around the neck should 
be loosened. 
(d) If the bleeding seems excessive, apply cloths 
wrung out of ice water to the back of the neck and over 
the nose. 
(e) If the bleeding still continues and is abundant, 
pack the nostril with a cotton or gauze plug. Pack 
tightly (with the blunt end of a pencil if nothing else 
is at hand) and send for the doctor at once . 
Major Injuries and Emergencies 
1. (a) DISLOCATIONS; (b) FRACTURES 
(a) Dislocations— In a dislocation the head of a bone 
is pushed or pulled out of its socket. A person may 
be falling and in trying to save himself catch hold of 
something in such a way that he feels a sharp, sudden, 
severe pain, and may even feel the head of the bone 
slip out at the shoulder or elbow. 
