478 
SCOUTING FOR GIRLS 
nearest large town or city, give the railroad station, and 
so forth. 
Direction is shown by symbol, an arrow or a line with 
an N pointing to the North, which should be at the top of 
the map, and all lines and signs should be made in relation 
to it. 
Distance is shown by what is known as scale. It would 
be impossible and unnecessary in making a map to use the 
exact measurements of distances existing in any given 
portion of country, but we can indicate those distances 
by drawing our map even though very small so that lines, 
angles, circles and dots will bear the same relation to each 
other as the points they represent bear to each other. 
This is done by using a small measure to represent a large 
measure. If 1 inch was used to represent a mile, a map 
showing 80 square miles of ground, measuring 8x10 
miles could be drawn on a comparatively small piece of 
paper. Whatever scale is used must be noted on the map, 
however. 
The true distances are found by pacing or by triangu- 
lation. The interesting, helpful and necessary points are 
learned by observation. These are the real guides when 
using a map and these should be placed most correctly. 
Some of the symbols most generally used in map making 
are shown in the accompanying cut. 
To be able to read a map is quite as important as mak- 
ing one. Signs must be understood, distances read, and 
directions known. It will help in ascertaining the latter 
point to hold the map so its position will be true to the 
points of the compass — the East to the East. This is 
called orienting a map. 
A sketch map, not made to scale or true as to direction 
or distance, but giving enough accurate information to 
serve in guiding a stranger truly, can be made very 
quickly and easily if the district sketched has been ob- 
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