16 
minal duets are not mentioned, whereas the parovarium was found 
to be large and, in structure, very like the epididymis of a young 
drake. 
Brandt (1889) describes an arrhenoid redstart (Riiticilla phoe- 
niciiriis) (1. c. p. 123—130), the ovary of which appeared normal, 
while the front part of the oviduct was obliterated (probably obli- 
terated late in the life of the specimen, which had been observed 
to copulate). On the left side the anterior part of the Wolffian 
duet, connected with the parovarium, was demonstrated through serial 
cuttings, while on the right side only traces were found in the cor- 
responding place. (B.’s examination does not seem to have com- 
prised the posterior part of the duets). Also an old hen is described 
(p. 130 —134), the piumage of which was only feebly arrhenoid; 
the ovary appeared sterile (containing abnormal and reduced fol- 
licles, and structures to a certain degree resembling seminal canals), 
the oviduct short, narrow, thin and closed towards the cloaca; and 
where the oviduct-opening ought to have been, a male genital pa- 
pilla was found (but no other part of the Wolffian duet is men¬ 
tioned). In the same work Brandt relates (p. 116) a case, mentio¬ 
ned in 1868 by Bogdanow: a grey-hen (Tetrao tetrix), in which 
N. Wagner had found male genital papillæ (but further informa¬ 
tion is not given). 
Recently Ør jan Olsen (1912) describes quite a number of 
pseudohermaphroditic females: 5 grey-hens (Tetrao tetrix) (pp. 19 
—21, Nrs. 1—5), 9 hens of the capercaillie (T. iirogaltus), all 
as to piumage arrhenoid in different degrees, possessing sterile 
(“rudimentary” or reduced) ovaries (in a few cases two ovaries 
were present), oviduct and Wolffian duets, the latter always uncoi- 
led; further 3 willow-grouse (Lagopiis lagopiis) and 1 ptarmigan 
(Lagopiis miitas) with abnormal piumage, and like the preceding 
with the ovary sterile, and provided with oviduct and untwisted 
Wolffian duets. 
If we compare the cases of pseudohermaphroditic females here 
related with the two cases of pseudohermaphroditic males described 
above, one difference will be perceived at once: in all the females ^) 
b Perhaps the Ruticilla excepted. Brandt’s description, however, does not 
settie the question, if the ovary was not about to become sterile. 
