18 
male giand on the one side, a female giand on the opposite, and 
— as it might be expected beforehand in birds — the testis and 
seminal duet belonging to the right side, the ovary and oviduct 
to the left. Special interest again among these is attached to cases 
where the specimen in question betrays its lateral hermaphroditism 
on the exterior, the piumage being distinetly parted along the middle- 
line, the right side showing the colour of the male, the left that 
of the female. Of this kind three cases — anatomically settled — 
are recorded: a chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs, Max Weber 1890). 
and two bullfinches (Pyrrhula eiiropæa, Lorenz 1894; Hein- 
roth and Poll 1909).^) 
As true lateral hermaphrodites, in which the piumage did not 
appear bipartite, three Tetrao tetrix are mentioned: one with the- 
lyid dress, examined by Lorenz (Brandt 1889, p. 159), and 
two examined by Ør jan Olsen, the one with thelyid (1912, p. 
22, No. 6), the other with arrhenoid piumage (ibid., p. 23, No. 7); 
further, a pheasant (Phasiamis colchiciis) examined by Butti- 
kofer (1896, p. 208); it showed “a curious mixture of the piu¬ 
mage of male and female” (most remarkably — probably due to 
an error — the testis is stated to belong to the left, the ovary to 
the right side). 
A solitary case, evidently not to be classified among the true 
lateral-hermaphroditic is that recorded 'by Stanley Elley (1910, 
p. 291). It concerns an ostrich fStriithio camelus) with the piu¬ 
mage and appearance of the full-grown male, and between 7 and 
10 years old. Among about a dozen other “cock-birds” it had to 
') A few more cases are supposed to be lateral-hermaphroditic on ac- 
ct unt of the piumage being “bipartite”, but no anatomical examination 
has been made: three bullfinches (v. Pelzeln 1871, cfr. Tschusi v. 
Schmidhofen 1875, Cabanis 1874, Reichenow 1905), a sugar- 
bird {Daenis spiza, Kniesche 1914) and a flicker or “golden wood- 
pecker” {Colaptes auratus (mexicanus), Cabanis 1874). In the two 
last named the dress, however, was J' on the left, ^ on the right side, 
while the piumage of the three bullfinches did agree with that of the 
two referred to above as anatomically examined. Furthermore B randt 
(1889, p. 107) mentions that Lorenz (teste Tichomirow) has obser- 
ved bipartite piumage in a Tetrao tetrix ; Brandt, however, records this 
case as an “arrhenoidia lateralis,” and does not express any suspicion 
regarding true hermaphroditism. 
