u 
l):irivatwn and Site of CaJeva-Atrehatumy Stc, [Aug 1 , 
thence to Bibracte 20 miles. But if 
Caleva be reckoned Silchester, its dis¬ 
tance from Speen is not 12 instead of 
13 miles; and from theirce to Bribracte 
must be nearly 30 instead ot 20. It 
appears then that Egbury Camp as 
Vmdonum will answer in no case with 
the distances from ^ enta and Tamesa; 
nor will Silchester as Caleva agree with 
the distances from Spinis and Bibracte. 
By supposing then Caleva to be Sil¬ 
chester, we throw into confusion the 
Iters of Richard and Antonine; but by 
taking Vmdonum for Silchester, all 
will be shewn to appear clear and sa¬ 
tisfactory. 
Silchester has been called by the Bri¬ 
tons Caer Segont. The station of Se- 
j^oniium, in Wales, was also called by 
the same name; we have therefore to 
enquire what the word Scgontia, the 
territory of the Segontiaci, means. The 
word 6igh an hill, is here varied to 
Segk^ and pronounced Se; Gon. is de¬ 
rived from Can or Con, a Lake ; la is 
country, and this takes a T in this name, 
in the same manner as On or An 
Land, takes a T in Ton or Tan, which 
imply the same. Vin in Vindonum, 
and in our other stations beginning witli 
this syllable, we are informed in the 
Archsologia, was derived of old from 
our vines, or-from dedication of temples 
to Bacchus. In modern times straw¬ 
berries have given names to places, and 
that Loo where strawberries never grew. 
We may say tlie same for the grapes 
of Vindonum, and look for its.name m 
its great features instead of its temples. 
T in is rendered Bin in Vinoviunu novv 
Winchester. Bin, or Binn, is hill or 
head. I have formerly given the de¬ 
rivation of Silchester in your Maga¬ 
zine; Sil, a hill, is a translation of Vin. 
I have oniy to remark that Caer Segont 
will be accounted the city of Segontiaci; 
and its distance from Venta will answer 
to Vindonum. 
There was certainly a plain and ori¬ 
ginal distinction, totally unknown to 
our-authors, between the Atrebatii of 
Britain, and the Attrebates of Gaul; 
the name of the one being Atrehat, 
and of the other Atrebas. Antiquaries 
have hitherto supposed them to be of 
the same name, and to have been ori¬ 
ginally the same people. On the con¬ 
trary, each took its name from the fea¬ 
tures of the land which it inhabited. 
The country of the people called Atre¬ 
bas lay low on the borders of rivers. 
Tlieir name is written in the iirst svUa^ 
ble at and ad, and these mean water. 
Reis also written er in Aderles, another 
of their names. Ader or Atre implies 
tiie water border. The province was by 
CtEsar called Atrebas, in which bus im¬ 
plies low; and the Lorr VTaier Border 
means the same as the Low Land, which 
Atrebas is always translated. Tire plu¬ 
ral of Atrebas, which denoted the in¬ 
habitants, formed the name Airt bates. 
On the contrary their chief town Atrfe- 
bat or Atrebatum, lay on an eminence 
on the border of its river. Atre was 
the same here as in Atrebas; but the 
track lying on a hill, took the adjunct 
bat. Bat or bad, an liiil, is derived the 
same as the Batini, a people of IMount 
Cacausus, as hat in Mount Button, as 
bad in Budbury, and as this syllable is 
derived in various other places. Atrc^ 
batian was also written Atrevatum ; and 
hence the Vaticanus Mons of Home 
, from Vat an hill, Ic a diminutive, and 
An land, was not so fancifullv deri- 
ved as this name is in our Latin dic¬ 
tionaries. 
The ancient people of Berkshire 
should therefore be named, as Camden 
writes their name, Atrebatii. The Se¬ 
gontiaci being named from the lake and 
its hills, it might have been supposed 
that their territory comprised every 
part thereof; but the Atrebatii as occu¬ 
piers of the hill-land of the Tames, 
occupied also the land on each side of 
the Kennet, at the part ivhere it ran 
into the great stream. To distinguish 
however to which nation this station 
on the Kenner, where it ran into the 
Tames, belonged, it was I conceive cal¬ 
led Caleva-Atrehatiun; and this I think 
fixes Caleva at Reading, and shews'the 
reason why Atrebatum was added to 
Caleva. Cal in Caleva meant a head, 
and ex or ax is so clearly derived from ax 
water, that the water .hill, or bills, was 
evidently the derivation of this name. 
But this will not suit Silchewer, though 
it may Reading, further^ Caleva was 
in the country of the 5 
Silchester, by Richard’s map, in the 
country of the Segontiaci. 
I have traced iMoridunum in tlie pre¬ 
sent name of its manor, whicli is now 
called Morden. Caleva too is some¬ 
thing like tire name Coley, a manor in 
Readinsr. 
Stations la^' generally by' and not ii> 
roads; and the old road to Bath ran, not 
I conceive by a circuitous rout, wider 
than the Itinerary assigns it, through a 
country wliere there were few products: 
1 t# 
