1811 .] Anecdotes of the late Joseph JJaydbu 243 
]iis tools; and to a merchant his ne¬ 
cessary merchaiiclise. 
18. In trying charges of libel, sedi¬ 
tion, or treason, the Jury should be jea¬ 
lously on their guard against prejudices 
raised by the influence of the admitHStra- 
tion for the time being; and they should 
hear in mind, that it is in such causes 
that Juries are so eminently the barriers 
of public liberty, and the guardians of 
weak individuals against concentrated 
power. 
19. In libel causes, Juries ought to 
know that the liberty of the press is 
ati essential principle of a free con¬ 
stitution ; that Mr, Fox’s Libel Bill 
has expressly constituted them, and them 
only, the sole independent judges of the 
intention of the parties; and that 
Cf>nsequently it lies entirely in their own 
judgment and discretion, to declare on 
the innocency, or criminality, of any al- 
ledged libel. 
20. The Foreman should ascertain and 
equally respect every opinion in the 
Jury; and the verdict, after it has been 
unanimoasly settled, should be solemnly 
delivered and recorded; and no variation 
permitted, unless the Jury, before their 
verdictis recorded, choose to retire again 
and formally and unanimously sanction 
any proposed variation by a new ver¬ 
dict. 
21. Every Juryman should recollecE 
that he is acting for his country; tiiat, 
for the time being, he is the uncontrouied 
arbiter of justice; that he is the c©nsti- 
tulionai protector of suitors and accused 
persons against legal quibbles and op¬ 
pressions; that he is the living guardian 
for hip posterity of those sacred rights of 
Jurymen, transmitted to him by bis fore¬ 
fathers ; and that the conservation of 
JUSTICE and liberty depend on one 
firm and upright man doing his duty ip 
every Jury. 
MEMOIRS AND REMAINS OF EMINENT PERSONS 
Original anecdotes o/if/ie late JOSEPH 
HAYDN. 
J OSEPH HAYDN was the son of 
a poor wheelwright at Zohran, a vil¬ 
lage of Austria, near the borders of Hun¬ 
gary. His father had learned to play a 
little on the harp, while serving as a jour¬ 
neyman atFrankforfon the Mayne; and 
on Sundays amused himself with songs 
and ballad-airs, his wife accornpanyitsg 
him with her voice. Even so late as 
1805, Haydn knew all these songs by 
heart. At the age of six years, little 
Joseph used to seat himself at the side of 
his parents, and, with a piece of stick, 
scraped upon his left arm, in imitation 
of a person playing the violin. A school¬ 
master of Haimhurg, a neighbouring 
town, a distant relation of Haydn, hap¬ 
pening to be at one of these concerts, 
observed that Joseph kept time with 
great exactness; considering this to be a 
favorable indication of a disposition for 
music, he advised the father to cultivate 
the talent of the child. The father, full 
of veneration for the sacerdotal office, 
Vvished for nothing more ardently than 
to devote'his son to the church: a know¬ 
ledge of music might lead to that desi¬ 
rable object, but his poverty prevented 
l)im from incurring any extraordinary ex¬ 
pence for the education of his children. 
How great then was his pleasure, when 
feis gou>in from Haimburg offered to take 
little Joseph home with him, for the pur¬ 
pose of instructing him in his school. 
It was here that Haydn learned to read 
and write; here likewise he was taught 
the choral chant, and to play upon the 
violin, cymbal, and other musical instru¬ 
ments; and he ever after expressed his 
obligation to this his first master for 
having made him undertake so many 
tasks, although, hesaid, he had been much 
more liberally flogged than fed by him. 
Haydn had been about two years under 
the tuition of tlie schoolmaster, when M* 
Reiter, master of the Imperial Chapel at 
Vienna, and who at the same time su® 
perintended the music in the cathedral 
of St. Stephen, came to pay a visit to tlie^ 
dean of Haimburg. Reiter having told 
him, that the elder singing boys belonging 
to bis choir began to lose their voices, 
and that he wished to find others to sup¬ 
ply their places; the dean proposed 
Haydn, who was immediately summoned 
to attend, »vith his cousin the school¬ 
master. According to the fashion of 
those days, the little boy already wore, 
as an indispensable article of decenc 
dress, a short wig, “ I looked like a litil® 
hedge-hog,” said Haydn; a modern 
beau would have thought that his head 
wasdressed (^-/<2 Titus. His apparel was 
in other respects as mean as possible. 
On the dean’s table stood a plate of cher¬ 
ries, on whicii little Joseph, who had not 
been 
