S79 
Literary and PhilGSophical Intelligence^ 
AFRICA. 
On'the of June, 1811, a slight 
shock of an earthquake was felt at the 
Cape, being die forty-second lately ex- 
perieiiced. It was not accompanied with 
so loud a noise as those in December 
1809. The houses were, hower-er, much 
cracked^ and several urns and monu- 
jnetus were thrown down. The comet 
bore about west-by*north, and set be¬ 
tween seven arid eight in the evening. 
It was visible during the passage to the 
liect from the East Indies in March, 
^priJ, and May. 
NORTH AMERICA. 
The Cherokee nation has at length, in 
full council, adopted a constitution, which 
embraces a simple form of government. 
The legislative and judicial powers are 
vested in a general council, with less 
ones subordinate. In this nation there are 
12,395 Indians. Tiie females exceeding 
the males by 200. The whites are 341, 
and one-third of these have Indian 
wives. Of negro slaves there are 583. 
Tiie number of their cattle is 19,500: 
of horses, 6100; of hogs, 19,600; of 
sheep, 1037. They have now in actual 
wse, 13 grist-mills, 3 saw-mills, 3 salt¬ 
petre works, and 1 powdar-miil. They 
have also 30 wmggons, between 480 and 
500 ploughs, 1600 spinning wheels, 467 
looms, and 49 silversmiths. 
An American writer observes, that in 
Europe there are thirty-seven species of 
trees, wiiich grow to the height of thirty 
feet; of vvhich eighteen form the mass 
of their forests, and sixteen a.re found in 
every part of Europe. In America there 
are ninety species of trees, whicii exceed 
forty feet in height. Tiiey are all natives 
of the forest, and seventy-two are com¬ 
mon to all parts of the United States. 
In Europe only seven are fit for archi¬ 
tecture, in America no less than fifty- 
one. 
AZORES. 
On the 16th of June last, the crew' 
of a British sloop, tlie Sabrina, observed 
two columns of white smoke arising from 
the sea, off the west end of the island of 
St. Michael’s, one of tlie Azores, vvhich 
for 9orne tiiiie they,sispposed to be an 
engagement, and made sail towards 
it ; but were prevented, by the wind 
dying away. Tlie smoke continued to 
ascend v^nth large fiames of fire, and 
they then concluded it was a volcano. 
day they were close in with th.e 
inland of St. bJiciiaePs, and found thve 
^oicaiiQ sitLigted aboyt |,v/c* miles west of 
that island, and still raging. They learnt 
from the British c/msul at St. Michael’s, 
that smoke was first observed on the 
14th of June; previous to which there 
had been several very sevei'e shocks of 
an earthquAke felt at St. Miciiael’s, so 
that the destruction of the wdiole island 
wast much feared; hut they ceased .as 
soon as the volcano broke out. On the 
18th, the Sabrina went as near the vol¬ 
cano as she could with safetv, and found 
it still raging with unabated violence, 
throwing up from under the water large 
stones, cinders, ashes, &c. accompanied 
with several severe concussions. About 
noon on the-same day, they observed the; 
mouth of the crater just showing itself 
above the surface of the sea, where there 
were formerly 40 fathoms or 240 feet of 
water. At three P.M. same day, it was 
about 30 feet above tlie surface of the 
water, and about a furlong in length. 
On the 19lh they were withjn five or sire 
miles of the volcano, and found it about 
50 feet in lieight, and two-thirds-of a 
mile in length; still raging as before, and 
throwing up large quantities of stones, 
some of which fell a mile distant from -th.e 
volcano. The smoke drevv up several 
water-spouts, whicii, spreading in tea 
air, fell in heavy rain, accompanied with 
vast quantities of fine black sand, vvhich 
completely covered the Sabrina’s decks 
at the distance of tliree or four mhes. 
On tlie 20th they went on a cruize^ 
leaving the volcano about 150 feet high, 
and a mile in length, still raging as Im-- 
nierly, and continaing to increase in 
size. On tlie 4th of July they agaia 
visiced the volcano, and found it per¬ 
fectly quiet. They now went on shore, 
and found it very steep, and its heighr 
Iroin 200 to 300 leet. ft w'as vvith 
ficulcy they were able to reach tiie tofj 
of the island; which they at last eiTected, 
in a quarter where there vvas a gentle 
declivity; but the ground, or rather the 
ashes, cor.oposed of sulphureous matter, 
dross of iron, vvas so very hot for 
their feet, that they w>ere obliged to re¬ 
turn, They, however, took pussession 
of the island, in the name of his Brb 
tannic Majesty, and left an English 
union-jack %ing on it. The circum- 
fersnee is from two to three miles. In 
the middle is a large hasm of boiling 
water, from which a stream runs into 
the sea; and at tlie distance of fifty yards 
from the island, tiie wafer, although, 
thirty fathoms deep, is too hot to liold* 
the hand m, Xu ^hort^ the whole island 
