031 
Modern Accounts of the Holy Land, 
been able to visit all the places that he 
has described. He was unfortunately a 
prisoner at Tripolizza. 
About this time Lord Elgin, the En¬ 
glish ambassador at Constantinople, 
caused researches and ravages to be 
made in Greece, which I shall have oc¬ 
casion to praise and to deplore. 
Let us now sum up, in a few words, 
the history of the monuments of Athens. 
The Parthenon, the temple of Victory, 
g:reat part of the temple of the Olympian 
Jupiter, another monument denominated 
by GuHlet, the Lantern of Diogenes^ 
vvere seen in all their beauty by Zygo- 
malas, Cabasilas, and Desliayes. 
De Monceaux, the IVIarquis de No- 
intel, Galland, Father Babin, Spon, and 
Wheeler, also admired the Parthenon 
while yet entire but the Lantern of 
Diogenes had disappeared, and tlie tem¬ 
ple of Victory had V^een blown up by 
the explosion of a powder-magazine; 
so that no part of it was left standing 
but the pediment. 
Pococke, Leroi, Stuart, and Chandler, 
found the Parthenon half destroyed by 
the bombs of the Venetians, and the 
pediment of the temple of Viotory de¬ 
molished. Since tliat period the ruins 
have kept continually encreasing. I 
shall relate in what manner they were 
augmented by Lord Elgin. 
T|ie learned world consoles Itself with 
the drawitigs of M. d© Nointel, and the 
picturesque tours of Leroi and Stuart. 
M. Fauvel has taken casts of two caria- 
tides of the Pandroseum, and some 
basso-relievos of the temple of Minerva. 
A metope of the same temple is in the 
hands of M. de Choiseul. Lord Elgin 
took away several others, which, perhaps, 
perished with the ship that foundered at 
Cerigo. Messrs. Swinton and Hawkins 
possess a bronze trophy found at Olym¬ 
pia. The mutilated statue of Ceres 
Eieusina is also in England. Lastly, 
we have in terra cotta, the choragic mo¬ 
nument of Lysicrates. It is a melan¬ 
choly reHection, tliat the civilised na¬ 
tions of Europe have done more injury 
to the monuments of Athens in the space 
of one hundred and fifty years, than all 
the barbarians together iti a long series 
of ages; it is cruel to think that Ainric 
and Mahomet IT. respected the Partlie- 
non, and that it was flemolished by Mo- 
rosini and Lord Elgin. 
MODEaN ACCOUNTS OF THE HOLY LAND. 
The traditions respecting the Holy 
Land, derive their certainty from three 
sources; from history, from religion, and 
from places or local circumstances. Let 
us first consider them in an historical 
point of view, 
Christ, accompanied by his apostles^ 
accomplished at Jerusalem the myste¬ 
ries of his passion. The writings of the 
four evangelists are the earliest document# 
that record the actions of the Son of man* 
The Acts of Pilate, preserved at Rome, 
in the time of Tertullian, attested the 
principal event of that history, the cru¬ 
cifixion of Jesus of Nazareth. 
The Redeemer expired. Joseph of 
Arimatheaobtained the sacred body, and 
deposited it in a tomb at the foot of Cal¬ 
vary The Messiah rose again on the 
third day ; appeared to his apostles and 
disciples, gave them his instructions, and 
then returned to the right hand of his 
Father. At this time the church com¬ 
mences at Jerusalem. 
At the commencement of the troubles 
in Judea, during the reign of Vespasian, 
the Christians of Jerusalem withdrew to 
Pella; and,as soon as the city was demo¬ 
lished, they returned to dw'ell among its 
ruins. In the space of a few months, 
they could not have forgotten the position 
of their sanctuaries, which, being, more¬ 
over, without the walls, must not have 
suffered much' from the siege. Simeon, 
the successor of Janies, governed the 
church of Judaea, when Jerusalem was 
taken, since we find the same Simeon, 
at the age of one hundred and twenty 
years, receiving the crown of martyrdom 
during the reign of Tr.Tjan. The suc¬ 
ceeding bishops, whose names I have 
mentioned, fixed their residence on the 
ruins of the Holy City, and preserved 
the Christian traditions respecting it. 
That the holy places were generally 
known in the time of Adrian, is deinoM- 
strated by an undeniable fact. That 
emperor, when he re-built .Terusalem, 
erected a statue of Venus on Mount Cal¬ 
vary, and another of Jupiter on the holy 
sepulchre. TJie grotto of Bethlehem 
was given up to the rites of Adonis. 
If the faithful were not at this time al¬ 
lowed the possession of Calvary, the holy 
sepulchre, and Bethlehem, to celebrate 
their festivals, the memory of those sanc¬ 
tuaries could not at least be effaced. The 
very idols served to mark their places; 
nay, more, the Pagans themselves hoped 
that the temple of Venus, eiected on the 
summit of Calvary, would not prevent 
the Christians from visiting that sacred 
mount; for they rejoiced in the idea, 
that the Nazarenes, vvhen they repaired 
to 
