655 
The Sea.—JaffcLi, 
ing of die Messiah: I was just reacliing 
those shores which were visited in like 
manner by Godfrey de Bouillon, Rai- 
mond de St. Gilles, Tancred the Biave, 
Robert tlie Strong, Richard Ceeur-de- 
Lion, and that St. Louis whose virtues 
were the a-duiiration of infidels. But 
how durst an obscure pilgrim like rue 
tread a soil consecrated by so many il¬ 
lustrious pilgrims ? 
THE SEA. 
I spent part of the night in contemp¬ 
lating this sea of Tyre, which is called 
in Scripture the Great Sea, and which 
bore tiie fleets of the royal prophet w'hen 
they went to fetch the cedars of Lebanon 
and the purple of Sidon ; that sea where 
Leviathan leaves traces behind him like 
abysses; that sea to which the Lord set 
barriers and gates; that affrighted deep 
which beheld God and fled. T.his was 
neither the wild ocean of Canada, nor 
the playful waves of Greece: to the 
south extended that Egypt into which 
the Lord came riding upon a swift cloud 
to dry op the channels of the Nile, and 
to overthrow the idols ; to the north w'as 
seated that queen of cities whose mer¬ 
chants were princes; “ Howl, ye siiips 
of Tarshish, for your strength is laid 
waste ! Tlie city of confusion is broken 
down; every house is sliuc that no man 
may come in. When thus it shall be 
in the midst of the land among the peo¬ 
ple ; there shall be, as the shaking of an 
olive-tree, and as the gleaning grapes 
when the vintage is done.’’ Here are 
otlicr antiquities explained by another 
poet: isaiah succeeds Homer. 
But this was not all: this sea which 
I contemplated washed the shores of 
Galilee on my right, and the plain of 
Ascalon on my left. In the former I 
met with the traditions of the patriarchal 
life, and of the nativity of our Saviour; 
in tlie idter I discovered memorials of 
tlie Crusades, and the shades of the 
heroes of Jerusalem. 
JATEA. 
Jaffa was formerly called Joppa, which, 
according to Adrichomius, signifies beau¬ 
tiful or agreeable. D’Aiiville derives 
the present name from the primitive 
form of Joppa, which is Japho. I shall 
observe, that, in the land of the He¬ 
brews, tliere was another city of the 
name of Jaffa, which was taken by the 
Romans : this name perhaps was after¬ 
wards transferred to Joppa. According 
tQ some coir.me5).uuorSj and Fiiiiy him¬ 
self, _the origin of this city is of very high 
antiquity, .Toppa having been built be¬ 
fore the deluge. It is said, that at Jop¬ 
pa Noah went into the ark. After tlie 
flood had subsided, the patriarch gave to 
Shem, his eldest son, all the lands de¬ 
pendent on the city, founded by his tliird 
son Japhet. Lastly, according to the 
traditions of the country, Joppa contains 
the sepulchre of the second father of 
mankind. 
According to Pococke, Shaw, and per¬ 
haps d’Anvilie, Joppa fell to the share 
of Ephraim, and, with Ramla and Lyd- 
da, formed the western part of that tribe: 
but other authors, and among the rest 
Adricomius, Roger, &c. place Joppa in 
the tribe of Dan. The Greeks extended 
to these shores the empire of fable, and 
asserted that Joppa derived its name 
from a daughter of iEolus. They placed 
in the neighbourhood of this city the ad¬ 
venture of Perseus and Andromeda. 
Scaurus, according to Pliny, transported 
from Joppa to Rome the bones of the 
sea-monster sent by Neptune. Pausa- 
nlas assures us, that near Joppa was to 
be seen a fountain, where Perseus wash¬ 
ed off the blood with which the monster 
liad covered liim ; and, troin this cir¬ 
cumstance, the water ever afterwards re¬ 
mained of a red colour. Finally, St. 
Jerome relates, that in his time the rock 
and the ring to which Andromeda was 
bound, still continued to be pointed out 
at Joppa. 
It was at Joppa that the fleets of 
Hiram, laden with cedar for the Temple, 
landed thdir cargoes ; and here the pro¬ 
phet Jonah embarked when he fled be¬ 
fore the face of the Lord. Joppa fell 
five times into liie hands of the Egypti¬ 
ans, the Assyrians, and other nations, 
who made war upon the Jews, previous¬ 
ly to the arrival of the Romans in Asia. 
It became one of the eleven toparchies 
wiicre the idol Ascarlen was adored. 
Judas Maccabeus burned the town, 
whose inhabitants had slaughtered two 
luiiulred Jews. St. Peter here raised 
Tabitha from the dead, and received the 
men sent from Cffisarea in the iiouse of 
Simon the tanner. At the commence¬ 
ment of the troubles of Judea, Joppa 
lias destroyed by Gestius. The walls 
having been rebuilt by pirates, Vespasian 
again sacked it, and placed a garrison ia 
the citadel. 
Jalfa, while under the dominion o 
the Christians, had a bishop, sulfragaiV 
to the see of Ca35area. Wiieu the 
knights were compelled to take their 
^ final 
