6S4 
The Be-d. li. Val/n/’s Smuons, 
University of Salamanca, 
To the first question it is answered 
—That neither pope, nor cardinals, nor 
any assembly or individual of the Catho¬ 
lic church, have, as such, any civil autho¬ 
rity, power, jurisdiction, or pre-emi¬ 
nence, in the kingdom of England, 
To the second it is answered—That 
neither pope, nor cardinals, nor any as¬ 
sembly or individual of the Catholic 
church, can, as such, absolve the subjects 
of Great Britain from their oaths of alle¬ 
giance, or dispense with its obligations. 
To the third it is answered—That it 
is no article of Catholic faith, that Ca¬ 
tholics are not bound to keep faith with 
heretics, or with persons, of any other 
description, who dissent from them in 
matters of religion. 
University of Valladolid. 
To the first question it is answered— 
That neither pope, cardinals, nor even a 
general council, have any civil authority, 
power, jurisdiction, or pre-eminence, 
directly or indirectly, in the kingdom of 
Great Britain; or over any other king- 
dom or province in which they possess 
no temporal dominion. 
To the second it is answered—That 
neither pope, nor cardinals, nor even a 
general council, can absolve the subjects 
of Great Britain from their oaths of alle¬ 
giance, or dispense with their obliga¬ 
tions. 
To the third it is answered—That the 
obligation of keeping faith is grounded 
on the law of nature, which binds all 
men equally, w-ithout respect to their 
religious opinions ; and, with regard to 
Catholics, it is still more cogent, as it is 
confirmed by the principles of their re¬ 
ligion. 
PLAN OF'NATIONAL DEFENCE. 
T. —All ranks and degrees cif men^ from 
the age cf 17 to that age of 0,7^ shall be 
trained to arms, and form an internal 
force, which shall receive no.pay,, unless 
called out for actual service^ to be culled 
The Defence, 
I.n order to prevent partialities and 
jealousies, it is proposed that no young 
man, unless incapacitated by nature, or 
actively employed in the navy, army, or 
militia,,,shall be exempted from the De¬ 
fence. We are informed by Strype, that 
Bishop Aylmer called on the clergy of his 
diocese to arm themselves in support of 
the Queen’s person and dominions, then 
threatened, by the Spaniards. Is the 
force of the whole cgiHuigHt, now wield¬ 
ed against us, less formidable than tbi 
array of Spain in the time of Queen Eli¬ 
zabeth ? The influence of the clergy, en¬ 
forced by their personal example, would 
infuse an indescribable spirit into tiieir 
flocks, and inflame their hearts with a 
zeal, which no dangers could cool, and 
no obstacles resist. It is worthy of re¬ 
mark that in the year 1798, when the 
volunteer system began to be establish¬ 
ed, several corps had been formed 
under the command of Clergymen, but 
disbanded themselves in one diocese, as 
soon as a high ecclesiastical authority de¬ 
prived them of their leaders. The clergy of 
England are bound to their families and 
to their country by the ties which at¬ 
tach other men; but they leel a peculiar 
interest in defending the altar and the 
throne. Few are the individuals ot thao 
sacred order, who would not gladly en¬ 
list themselves during the four first years 
of their ministry tomaiiUain thatChristian 
establishment, which is to be through tha 
remainder of their life the object oi their 
present labors, and the ground of their 
future hopes. Few there are, who, in tha 
hour of trial, would not gladly animate 
tlie courage ol’ their follow ers by the lovg 
of their country, and cheer their souls by 
the sanctions and comforts of the Gos¬ 
pel. A zealous clergyman would teach 
his brother soldiers that Religion is 
source of true bravery ; that he who has 
made his peace with God by Faith and 
Repentance is not afraid to die, that h® 
braves danger in its most frightful forms, 
and obeys his commanders with daunt¬ 
less resolution : but that he who has a 
troubled conscience, sees in the fire of 
the cannon the eternal flames ready to 
swallow him, and therefore shrinks from 
danger by tlie fear of future punishment. 
It is not necessa'ry to point out tlie ex¬ 
pedience of enforcing, in the same man¬ 
ner, the union of the military and pro¬ 
fessional services of medical men. 
IF— They shall he privately trained, 
then join the.corps of the district, ajid be- 
exercised once in a fortnight. 
It is presumed that tliese regular pet 
riods of exercise will possess many nega¬ 
tive, as well as positive, advantages. Men 
will not leave their families, and thus in¬ 
cur the hazard of acquiring habits of 
idleness and immorality. One after¬ 
noon in a fortnight will not essentially 
detract from the produce of tb.eir labors; 
-day-laborers and mechanics will he ena¬ 
bled to demand their full wages for the 
day of exercise. They will thus be pre¬ 
served in the practice of every part of the 
necessary 
