696 
Organic Remains of a Former JVoikL 
presented to Charles the Second, and 
placed in the hoi n-^allery, Hanvpton- 
court, but was afterwards removed into 
the guard-room of tite saine p.dace. 
At Ballywaid, near Ballyshannon ; at 
Turvy, eight miles from Dublin; and 
at Portumery, near tlie River Shannon, 
in tlic county of Galway ; similar horns 
have been found. In the common-hall 
of the Bishop of Armagh’s house, in 
D ubhn, was a forehead, with two 
amazing large beams of a pair of this 
kind of horns, which, from the magni¬ 
tude of the beams, must have mucii 
exceeded in size those of which the 
dimensions are given above. Dr. Mo- 
lyneux states, that, in the last twenty 
years, thirty pair of these horns had 
been dug up by accident in this coun¬ 
try; the observations, also, of several 
other persons, prove the great frequency 
with which these remains have been 
found in Ireland. 
Various opinions have be^en entertain¬ 
ed respecting this animal and its exist¬ 
ing prototype. This, however, does not 
appear to have been yet discovered; 
and these remains may, I believe, be 
regarded as having belonged to an ani- 
Bial now extinct. 
FOSSIL REMAINS OF ELEPHANTS. 
Numerous remains of elephants have 
been found in Italy; and, although a 
very considerable number of elephants 
were brought from Africa into Italy, 
yet tlie vast extent througl) which these 
remains have been found, and the great 
probability that the Italians, particularly 
the Romans, would have known suf¬ 
ficient value of ivory, to have prevented 
them from committing the tusks to the 
earth, lead to the belief that by far the 
greater nuntber of these remains which 
Lave been dug up, have been deposited 
here, not by the hands of man, but by 
the changes which, at least, the surface 
pf this globe has undergone, at very 
remote periods. The circumstances, 
indeed, under which many of these have 
been found, afford indubitable proof of 
this fact. 
In France, where it is well known 
that living elephants liave been much 
less frequent, at least in times of which 
we have anv record, than either in Italy 
or in Greece, their fossil remains have 
been found in a great number of places, 
and in situations which prove their de¬ 
position at a very remote period. The 
whole valley through which the Rhine 
passes, yields fragments uf this animal, 
and perliaps more numerously on th® 
sifle of Germany than on that of 
France. Not only in its course, hut in 
the alluvia of the several streams which 
empty themselves mto it, are these fossil 
remains also found. Thus Holland 
abounds with them, and even the most 
elevated parts of the Batavian Republic 
are not exempt from them. 
The whole of Germany and of Swis^ 
serland appear to particularly abound in 
these wonderful relics. The greater 
number which has been found in these 
parts is, perhaps, as is observed by M. 
Cuvier, not attributable to their greater 
abundance, but to the number of weli- 
informqd men, capable of making the 
necessary researches, and of reporting 
the interesting facts they discover. 
As in the hanks of the Rhine, so in 
those of the Danube, do these fossils 
abound. In the valley of Altmiihl is a 
grand deposit of these remains. The 
bones which have been found atKrembs, 
in ^weden; at Baden, near Vienna; 
in Moravia; in different parts of Hun¬ 
gary and of Transylvania; at the 
foot of the Hartz; in Hesse; at Hil- 
dersheim; all appear to be referable to 
this animal. So also are those which 
are found on the Elbe, the Oder, and 
the Vistula. Different parts of the Bri¬ 
tish empire are not less productive of 
these remains. 
Ill London, Brentford, Harwich, Nor¬ 
wich, Gloucestershire, Staffordshire, 
Warwickshire, Salisbury, tlie Isle of 
Shepey, and indeed in several other 
parts of Great Britain, liave different . 
remains of these animals been found. 
When we add to those places which 
have been already enumerated, Scandi¬ 
navia, Ostrobothnia, Norway, Iceland, 
Russia, Siberia, Tunis, America, Hue- 
liuetoca, near Mexico; and Ibarra, in 
tlie province of Quito, near Peru; it 
will appear that there is hardly a part 
of the known world, w liose-subterranean 
productions are known to us, in wliich 
these animal remains have not been 
found. 
M. Cuvier is satisfied, from actual 
comparison of several skulls of the Ea.sjf- 
Indian and African elephants, that differ¬ 
ent Sfiecific characters exist in their respec¬ 
tive skulls. In the Indian elepliant, tha 
top of the skull is raised in a kind of dou¬ 
ble pyramid ; but, in the African, it is 
nearly rounded. In the Indian the 
forehead is concave, and in the African 
it is rather convex. Several other dif¬ 
ferences exist, not necessary to be here 
particularised^ 
