Organic Remains of 
■15, Sand. 
16. Bath free-stone. 
17. Sand and clays. 
18. " Maidvvell limestone. 
19. Lias-clay, containing the blue and 
white Lias limestone, 
20. Sand. 
21. Red marl. 
Beneath these follow the grit-stones 
and coal shales, and the alternating lime¬ 
stones and toadstones. Parts ot these 
inferior strata appear to have been so 
raised and so denudated of their superin¬ 
cumbent strata, by some astonishing 
power, in Derbyshire, Stadordsiiire, and 
other adjacent counties, as to give the 
opportunity of examining the out-crop, 
or appearance on the surface, of these 
strata, \\hich were Originally covered by 
all tlie strata which have been enumerat¬ 
ed above. The last discovered, entro- 
chal, limestone of Derbyshire, must have 
originally lain, according to Mr. Farcy’s 
calculation, three miles perpendicularly 
lower than the upper part of the chalk 
strata. 
The entrochal limestones of Derby¬ 
shire, 6ic. liave their antiquity manifested 
by their original deep situation, and 
by the peculiar fossils which they con¬ 
tain. 
Above these strata are those of the 
alternating coal shales and gritstones; 
and on these is disposed a stratum of 
red marl. Over this is a stratum of sand ; 
but neither in this nor the preceding 
stratum does it appear that any fossils 
have been noticed. 
The lias clay is the next superior stra¬ 
tum, ami contains beds of limestone 
called the blue and the white lias lime¬ 
stone. 
The fossils of this stratum are exceed¬ 
ingly numerous, and some of them are 
again seen in some of the superior strata; 
but the characters of the greater part 
are such as to point them out de¬ 
cidedly as peculiar to this stratum. 
In tliis stratum the fossil shells are ex¬ 
ceedingly numerous: particularly 
nautilitce, terebratulitce, gryphitts^ 
nn/tuUtce, modiolitcSf sporidylitcs, t?dgo^ 
nita, belemnif^B, and the large donux- 
fonned bivalve. In this stratum are also 
found hsh of an unknown genus, with 
large square scales, and several species ot 
Testudo, Lacerta, &c. 
Immediately above this stratum is a 
blue marl-stone, called the Maidwell 
limestone, vvith the fossils of which I am 
unacquainted. Nor am I able to speak 
with more inforniacion of a great number 
a Former JVorld, 701 
and thickness of sands and clavs which 
lie over the Maidwell limestone. 
To these succeed the Bath free-stone 
strata, which may be traced in their 
range through the island. The upper 
part is a white or light-grey limestone; 
beneath wliich is the oolithe, or row- 
stone, and under this a considerable 
tliinkness of very light-colored tree-stone, 
then sand and clays, and a free-stone of 
various hues of yellow and red. 
The fossils of this strata are chiefly 
bivalve shells, of which generally only the 
casts or the impressions remain. 
Above these is a sand stratum, and in 
this is the limestone and grey slate strata 
of Stunsfield, Colley Weston, Chippen- 
liam, &c. In this stratum, the discoidal 
~€chinit(S abound, as vvell as the trigonitcB 
and belemnitce. In this strata are also 
found pinnita, crenatul'it<z, and the JLa% 
fossil oyster. But the fossils which are 
here most abundant are the bvfonita,?im\ 
other parts of the palates and the teetli 
of fishes. 
On these strata lies the rag-stone, 
which has been employed for most of the 
ancient well-preserved buildings in the 
eastern part of the island. This stone 
is formed of small bivalves, chiefly 
amonitce. 
Above this is a thick clay, on which is 
the limestone called the Bedford lime¬ 
stone; in which are found small gry- 
phitce, helemnitdE, ostr'eitae^ pectinitce^ 
minute erenatulittz^ pinnitcBy a tew /ri- 
gonitiBy the uncommonly marked bivalve, 
and various other shells. 
Immedi'ately over this is a stratum of 
clay called ciunch clay, from the beds of 
clunch, a soft chalk-like stone, which is 
found towards the top of it. Ammanit^f 
large gryphitce, belemnitce, and various 
bivalves, are found in this stratum. 
Above this is the 'Woburn sand, con¬ 
taining in its lower parts fragments of 
silicified wood. To this succeed several 
sand strata and clays, and in one of these 
n thin bed of the shelly limestone called 
Sussex marble. Above this is -the Ayles¬ 
bury limestone containing large ammonitcej, 
gryphita, &c. 
Over this is disposed the chalk marl. 
The lower or hard chalk rests on the 
chalk marl, and acquires in different 
parts difterent degrees of hardness, form¬ 
ing in some places a white free-stone, 
and in others a softer fire-stone. This 
stratum affords striking instances of the 
fact, first noticed by Mr. Smith, of 
Certain organic remains being peculiar 
ta, snd only found lodged in, particular 
4 B " strata* 
