48 
same lining epithelium as the gizzard, viz. large glandular cells 
secreting small yellowish-brown granules. In the gizzard four chitin- 
ous masticatory plates are situated, as already mentioned, and these 
latter are arranged symmetrically, the longitudinal axis passing 
through the rniddle of two opposite ones. From the distal end of the 
gizzard issues the second part of the oesophagus, which soon opens 
into the stomach. The latter is surrounded by the liver and re- 
ceives from it a single large posterior duet. A close examination 
J 
Fig. 7. Longitudinal section through Rimcinella zelandica n. sp. 
a anus surrounded by gilis; b bursa copulatrix; c cerebral 
ganglion; d vas deferens; e opaline giand; g shell giand; h herma- 
phrodite giand; i intestine; j jaw; k kidney; I liver; tn stomach; 
o genital orifice; p penis; r pericard; s salivary giand; t ter¬ 
minal giand of the penis; ii mueous giand; z gizzard. 
shows that the duet is, in reality, made up by two pairs of large 
eanals, one eoming from the right, the other and larger from the 
left, but pressed seeondarily towards the rniddle. The eommon liver 
duet is very short, a faet explaining the diverging opinions about 
the number of duets in Runcina (ef. Colosi 1915, p. 11). In 
any ease, there is no stomaehal epithelium separating the two 
branehes whieh, eonsequently, eannot be eonsidered as a pair of 
duets. In the left upper portion of the liver the intestine appears 
as a narrow eanal; its walls eontain the same yellowish-brown 
eorpuseles as the gizzard, and they lend it a reddish tint in 
speeimens disseeted. The intestine deseribes a eurve towards the 
right side of the body and, from this side gradually approaehing 
the rniddle line, debouehes by the anus somewhat to the right of 
the rniddle. 
After the alimentary system the genital one is the most spa- 
