VII 
the homology of each of the cusps on the different types of teeth. 
Later on other naturalists, not knowing Winge’s papers, have pre¬ 
sented theories which also tend to derive the complicated tooth 
forms from the simple ones, still not in the same way as stated 
by Winge. None of these theories seems so probable as that of 
Winge, and among the many theories, which have little by little 
been put forth, concerning the development of the teeth forms in 
the course of the times, none appears so satisfactory or so well 
founded as his. In the above named paper Winge further intro- 
duced a reform of the tooth formula, carried out in all its conse- 
quences. 
In 1885 Winge was permanently appointed to the department 
of vertebrates of the Zoological Museum of the University of Co- 
penhagen, and he was intrusted with the continuation of the treat- 
ment of the great collections of bones of animals which the Dan- 
ish naturalist Dr. P. V. Lund had excavated in the limestone caves 
of the interior of Brazil and presented to his country. Winge has 
laid down the results of these investigations in the imposing work 
“E Museo Lundii“ (1888—1915) of which he has edited almost 
one half of Vol. I and the whole of Vols. II and III (altogether c. 
1200 pages with 75 tables, partly in Winge’s excellent drawing). 
He has in this work completely worked out the remains of mam- 
mals (Rodents, 1888; Bats, 1892; Marsupials, 1893; Monkeys, 
Carnivora, 1895; Ungulata, 1906; Edentates, 1915). The mam- 
mals of our days from the same locality were likewise investi- 
gated for the purpose of comparison, and a complete summary of 
the paleontological development of the orders in question and of 
the interrelationship between the extinct and recent members of 
these orders was given. In quite a similar way Winge later treated 
the orders not represented in the Limestone caves of Brazil, i. e. 
Insectivores and Whales (in Vidensk. Medd. fra Naturhist. Foren. 
1917 and 1918). All these papers which are written in a clear 
and concise language give proof of an extraordinary amount of 
knowledge, a ready criticism and independent views which are on 
many points — and probably with justice — differing from current 
opinions and elucidating much which was hitherto obscure. And 
as Winge was masterful in the art of having much said in a few 
words — he went through his suhject over and over again till he 
