VIII 
mastered it to such a degree that he knew how to present it in 
the most concentrated form thinkable — these papers contain a 
wealth of facts and ideas which make them a most profitable and 
attractive reading to anyone interested in the morphology of the 
mammals, their comparative anatomy, and interrelationship. 
To the archæology of our country Winge has rendered great 
services. He has examined and determined all that has appeared 
since 1888 of remains of animals and tools made of bones from 
our different deposits from ancient times, from strata of clay and 
sand, peat bogs, kitchen-middens, dwelling places and grave-finds, 
• besides all that is kept in our National Museum and Zoological 
Museum from previous collections. To this must further be added 
material from other institutions, and from private individuals in 
Denmark, as well as considerable collections from Norway, Sweden, 
and Finland, which were sent to him for inspection. We may say 
that the progress, made by Northern prehistoric archæology in the 
course of the last 35 years — in so far as it is supported by help 
from the zoology — is above all due to Winge. 
It is Jap. Steenstrup who has laid the foundation of this 
part of science. Winge continued his work and carried it on to 
considerable progress. In 1888 he proved, through investigations 
of tools, made of bones of animals and found in dolmens, that the 
people of the stone age from the time of the grave-builders (the 
second part of the Neolithic period) had had domestic animals in 
great numbers, and consequently not been living exclusively on 
hunting and fishing; also in some kitchen-middens he demonstrated 
traces of these animals. As late as in 1886 Steenstrup had 
maintained that the peoples of the stone age in Denmark had the 
dog for their only domestic animal, but through the investigations 
of Winge the dispute concerning the division of the stone age into 
an older and a younger period with different stages of culture was 
definitely brought to a close. 
In 1893—98 the National Museum initiated an investigation in 
grand style of the kitchen-middens, and Winge, who took part in 
it, has discussed the remains of the vertebrates (Mammals, Birds, 
and Fishes) in the work treating the investigations (“Affaldsdynger 
fra Stenalderen i Danmark“. 1900). In special papers on all the 
Danish mammals and birds found in the earth Winge has further 
