18 NATURAL HISTORY. [EAST. ZOOL. 
South America; hook-billed shrike of Madagascai-; and the Hot- 
niqua shrike of Africa, &c. 
Cases 62 — 73. The Conirostral Birds. 
These feed chiefly on grain and fruit. They form several families: viz. 
Cases 62, 63. The Crows, which aie divided into the follow¬ 
ing divisions; the Phonygamin(B, which inhabit Australia, New Guinea, 
&c., where they pursue small birds, and are very noisy and clamorous; 
as the piping roller, noisy roller of Australia; the jays, which generafly 
live in forests of various parts of the world, as the jay of Europe and 
Great Britain; blue jay and cinereous jay of North America, &c. The 
true Crows, which are inhabitants of various parts of the wmrld, and are 
generally seen on the ground, searching for carrion, worms, &c., as the 
raven, carrion crow, rook, hooded crow, and jackdaw of Europe and 
Great Britain, &c. 
Case 63. The Calkeatince are inhabitants of Africa, Asia, and 
Australia; as the changeable crovp of Africa, rufous crow of India, 
cinereous wattle bird of New Zealand, &c. 
Case 64. The Gymnodei'ince are very singulai* birds of South 
America; they feed on fruits; as the bai-e-necked grakle, fetid grakle, 
&c. The Chourfis are found in the elevated mountains of the Old 
O 
World, and prey on insects and berries; as the red-legged crow and 
Alpine crow. These ai’e occasionally found in Great Britain, &c. The 
Birds of Paradise are natives of New Guinea; their habits are perfectly 
those of the crow, as the greater paradise bird, king paradise bird, 
mag’nificent paradise bird, &c. 
Case 65. The Shining Thrushes are found in Africa, Asia, and Aus¬ 
tralia, and tliey feed on fruits and insects ; as the satin bower bird : 
these birds form artificial arbours of twigs, which they decorate with 
shells, bones, stones, and other articles, and through which they run in 
pla}"!!!! chase after each other; also the splendid thrush, brilliant tlwush, 
&c., of Africa and India. The Grakles live in troops in the islands of 
the Indian Archipelago, seai-ching for insects and fruits among the 
banana; as the minor grakle and bald grakle. The beef-eaters are in¬ 
habitants of Afr'ica, where they live on the lai’vre of a pai*asitical insect 
which they compress out of the skin of the rhinoceros by means of their 
bill; as the African beef-eater. 
Case 66. The Starlings are found in both hemispheres, and they 
feed on the larvse which attack cattle ; they fly in large and crowded 
flocks; as the rose-coloured thi'ush of Europe, occasionally found 
in Great Britain ; and Malabar grakle, pagoda grakle of India, &c.; 
cockscomb grakle of South Africa; common stare of Europe and 
Great Britain; Sai-dinian stare of Europe, &c., and the Louisiana 
stare of North America, &c. The Quiscalince inhabit New Guinea, 
but especially North and South America; as the gorget paradise 
bird of New Guinea, purple grakle and boat-tailed grakle of South 
America, &c. 
Case 67. The Icteric Orioles are also peculiar to America, and 
live in flocks, feeding on grain and insects ; as the black and yellow 
oriole, crested oriole, icteric oriole, and banana oriole, &c. The Age- 
laince, like the preceding series, are also found in North and South Ame¬ 
rica, generally in flocks among the cattle. Some of the species have 
