COMMON MEASURES 
Long Measure 
12 Inches.1 Foot 
3 Feet.1 Yard 
5J4 Yards.1 Rod 
320 Rods.1 Mile 
1 Mile.5280 Feet 
The following are also used: 
1 Size.1-3 Inch 
(Used by shoemaker.) 
1 Hand.4 Inches 
(Used in measuring the height of horses.) 
1 Fathom.6 Feet 
(Used in measuring depths at sea.) 
1 Knot...1.15 Miles 
(Used in measuring distances at sea.) 
Square Measure 
144 Square Ins.1 Square Ft- 
9 Square Ft.. . ..1 Square Yd. 
30^ Square Yds.1 Square Rd. 
160 Square Rds.1 Acre 
640 Acres.1 ^uare M. 
An acre is equal to a square whose side is 208.71 feet. 
Surveyor’s Linear Measure 
7.92 Inches.1 Link 
100 Links.1 Chain 
80 Chains.1 Mile 
Gunter’s Chain is the unit and is 66 feet long. 
Dry Measure 
2 Pints.1 Quart 
8 Quarts.1 Peck 
4 Pecks.1 Bushel 
1 Bushel contains 2150.42 cubic inches or 
approximately 1)^ cubic feet. 
Liquid Measure 
4 Gills.1 Pint 
2 Pints.1 Quart 
4 Quarts. 1 Gallon 
1 Gallon contains 231 cubic inches. 
1 Cubic ft. equals lYi gallons. 
Surveyor’s Square Measure 
10,000 Square Links.1 Sq. Chain 
10 Square Chains.1 Acre 
10 Chains Square.10 Acres 
Cubic Measure 
1728 Cubic Inches.1 Cubic Ft. 
27 Cubic Feet.1 Cubic Yd. 
128 Cubic Feet.1 Cord 
BELTING POINTERS 
How To Find Length Required 
When it is not convenient to measure with the 
tapeline, the length required, apply the following 
rule: Add the diameter of the two pulleys together, 
divide the result by 2, and multiply the quotient 
by 334; then add this product to twice the distance 
between the centers of the shafts, and you have 
the length required. 
If possible to avoid it, connected shafts should 
never be placed one directly over the other, as in 
such case, the belt must be kept very tight to do 
the work. 
It is desirable that the angle of the belt with the 
floor should not exceed 45 degrees. It is also desir¬ 
able to locate the shafting and machinery so that 
belts should run off from each shaft in opposite 
directions, as this arrangement will relieve the 
bearings from the friction that would result when 
the belts all pull one way on the shaft. 
To Find the Belt Speed in Feet Per Minute 
Multiply diameter of pulley in inches by 3.1416. 
This gives circumference of pulley, and this result 
multiplied by number of revolutions will give you 
belt speed in inches. 
Relative Transmission of H. P. for Any Given 
Width of Belt 
The horse power for a given speed will be directly 
proportioned to the width of the belt; that is, a 
4-ply belt, 16 inches wide, running at a certain 
speed, will transmit eight times as much power as 
a 4-ply belt 2 inches wide, nmning at the same 
speed, and a belt 100 inches wide, ten times as 
much as a 10-inch belt of the same thickness,- run¬ 
ning at the same speed, etc. 
To Find the H. P. That Any Given Belt Will 
Economically Transmit 
Multiply the width of the belt in inches by its 
speed in feet and divide the result by 800. The 
fmal result will be the horse power for a 4-ply belt. 
For a 6-ply belt, divide this result by 600; for 
8-ply, divide this result by 400; for 10-ply, divide 
this result by 350. 
To Find the Ply of a Belt of a Given Width Required 
To economically transmit a given horse power 
at a given belt speed, multiply the given horse 
power by 800 and the given width in inches by 
the given belt speed in feet, and divide the first 
result by the second. 
If the final result is one, or nearly one, a 4-ply 
belt is required; if one and one-half, a 6-ply belt is 
required; if one and three-quarters to two, an 8-ply 
belt is required; if two to two and one-quarter, a 
10-ply belt is required. 
To Find Width of Belt Required 
To find the width of a 4-ply belt required econom¬ 
ically to transmit a given horse power at a given 
belt speed per minute: Multiply the given horse 
power by 800, and divide the result by the given 
belt speed. 
To find the width of a 6-ply belt required: 
Multiply the horse power by 600; divide the result 
by belt speed. 
To find the width of an 8-ply belt required: 
Multiply horse power by 400; divide result by belt 
speed. 
To_ find the width of a 10-ply belt required: 
Multiply horse power by 350; divide result bv belt 
speed. 
To Find Speed and Diameter of Pulleys 
The product of the diameter and speed of the 
driving pulleys equals the product of the diameter 
and speed of the driven pulley; consequently, if 
the speed and the diameter of the driving pulley 
are given, multiply them together and divide by 
the diameter of the driven pulley to find the speed 
of the driven; or divide by the speed of the driven 
pulley to find its diameter. 
Example—The drive pulley on a tractor is 934 
inches in diameter and nms at 1,000 R. P. M.; 
what size pulley must be used on a thresher cvlinder 
shaft that must run at 1,100 R. P. M.? 
9K times 1,000 equals 9,500; divided by 1,100, 
equals 8.64. Since pulleys are made only in certain 
standard diameters, use either the next size larger, 
9-mch diameter, and raise the engine speed slightly, 
or use 834 inch pulley, considering that the slight 
slippage will reduce the effective speed to the 
correct number of revolutions per minute. 
