- 3 - 
S. D. Eda Crabapple - Offered for the first time. Really a choice dessert 
apple. Pedigree: Jonathon x Tony crab pollen. This makes it Jonathan; baccata; 
j MacMahon Vvhite apple. A sister to S. D. Ben crabapple introduced in 1938. Fruit 
24 inches across x 1 3/4 inches deep, oblate, regular, cylindrical, truncated. Color 
a deep solid polished and marbled red, thinly striped over yellow. Flesh a rich, 
pleasant subacid much like Jonathan. The fruit cooks like a Jonathan ana is of 
excellent quality, the slices retaining their shape. The fruit is unusually heavy for 
its size. When propagated and given orchard conditions probably the fruit will be 
larger. Both of these tv/o varieties ai’e choice dessert apples for late fall and 
early winter. Scions only, per foot 50 cents. 
S. D. Ben Crabapple - Introduced 1938. Evidently an annual bearer. 
Pedigree: Jonathan apple x Tony crab pollen. This makes it Jonathan, ^ baccata 
crab, ^ MacMahon White apple. Fruit tvjo inches across, nearly all covered with red, 
striped and mixed over yellow ground with white bloom. The yellow ground color is 
very light and clear. Basin is flat, minutely vjrinkled. Flesh white very fii-m, 
juicy, a pleasant lively subacid; cooks tender into sauce of excellent quality. The 
sauce is yellow; the slices retain their shape but are tender. One apple judge said: 
"A flavor all its own.” Not fully colored end of August, season evidently winter. 
Scions only, per foot 50 cents. 
<9/7 
Dolgo Crabapple - The original Dolgo was selected from a lot of one-year-old 
Pyrus baccata seedlings brought from Russia in 1897. The best one was named Dolgo 
(the Russian word for ”long"), so named in recognition of the long conical, intensely 
bright red crabs about which many inquired at the annual exhibits of this Department 
at the South Dakota State Fair. This has become widely popular in many states, as 
far east as New York as appears from the following description in ”A Catalog of New 
Fruits 1939-40” issued by the New York State Fruit Cooperative Association, Geneva, 
New York: 
"Dolgo—is a handsome red crab apple imported from Russia in 1897 by Profes¬ 
sor N. E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station. The fruit is full of juice, 
jellies easily, and makes a rich, ruby-red jelly of beautiful, color and excellent 
flavor. The tree is hardy, vigorous, and productive; the season early September. 
Splendid for cider as well as jelly." 
A few scions from the original Dolgo tree, 50 cents per foot. 
Siberian and Manchurian Crabapple Stocks for Apples 
Root-killing of standard apples on common apple stocks occurs frequently in 
the prairie Nortiwest. A variety may be hardy but if the root is tender, the tree is 
short lived. Experiments for many years (S. D. Bulletin 65, Root-killing of Apple 
Trees, N. E. Hansen, July, 1899) demonstrates that the Siberian crab does not root- 
kill and is a dependable hardy stock. Gradually through the years the use of Siber¬ 
ian crabapple for stocks is increasing. The trees make a strong smooth growth in 
nursery. 
One chief difficulty is the extra expense. The ripe crabapples have a good 
market value and this makes the seed expensive. The large hybrid crabs often are 
poor seeders. The Virginia crab is an example; cytological research shows it to be 
a triploid with 51 chromosomes. The old Yellow Siberian crab yields good seed but is 
now very scarce owing to the advent of new varieties with larger fruit. 
The pure Pyrus baccata often bears fruit less than one-half inch across and 
-is hfixdy but too small to be of market value; the trees are planted for ornament and 
for bird-food. Orchards of such trees should be planted to furnish a steady supply 
of seed for stocks. Such fruit is too small to be sold for fruit. One of these 
forms of Pyrus baccata nov; coming into prominence in Minnesota is the Manchurian crab 
introduced 1926 (see S. D. Bulletin 224). The original fruit was gathered by Prof. 
N. E. Hansen in 1924 in the mountain region, about fifty miles east of Harbin, 
Manchuria. These trees are heavy croppers of small trees. The fruit is 3/8 to l/2 
inch across, about 1662 fruits to a poiond. The seedlings are good for budding and 
make strong trees in nursery; they are now in commerce. The Manchurian crab is a 
form of the Siberian crab ( Pyrus baccata var., Mandshurica , Maxim). The species 
Pyrus baccata is an omnibus species, including many forms varying from tall trees in 
the Lake Baikal region to much smaller trees farther east. Some trees of this species 
bear fruit freely at five feet in height. 
Here in Brookings many Siberian crabs liave been tested for stocks. Amur, 
Beauty, Dolgo, and Alexis all make good stocks. Of small fruited primitive forms of 
Pyrus baccata , the Irkutsk seedlings make good stocks. 
Scions of Amur, Beauty, Alexis, and Manchurian crabapple, 4 feet for $1.00. 
Apples : Triploid and Tetraploid 
Hansen's Kola crabapple, introduced 1922, the first tetraploid (with 68 
chromosomes, double the usual diploid number), continues to attract attention in 
several countries. There are many more in this lot of seedlings in which entirely 
new types of apples are appearing of great value for the open prairie; smaller in 
tree, but with good fruit that will keep a year; also heavy annual bearers. They 
offer a chance to originate many triploid apples (51 chromosomes). Recent cytological 
study in Sweden and England indicates triploid apples contain more vitamins than 
ordinary apples. 
Scions of Kola crabapple, 2 feet for 50 cents. 
