156 
like 200—270 (i in length, not very numerous; b, hairlike, ca. 
70 c, smaller ones, thickest in the middle, almost like small 
oxea (‘microxa’), length 35-50 by a thickness of up to 2,6 
3. sigmata; regular or contorted, length up to 70 /(, most com- 
mon about 55 /t. 
SigmBxinelld p3.pill3.t3. nov. sp. 
Carnley Harbour. Ca. 45 f. Sandy clay. 6/XII.1914. 
Several specimens. Shape very characteristic: from a lump- 
shaped basis rise a number of fingerformed branches which are 
nearly of even thickness from base to apex. Biggest specimen 
measures 45 mm in greatest extension; papillae or branches reach 
a hight of 40 mm. Consistence firm. Surface scarcely and finely 
hispid, to the touch just like sand-paper. Oscula could not be made 
out- between the branches are here and there found some holes, 
which do, however, look rather as if made by foreign orgamsms. 
If the wet sponge has been lying in a dry place for some mm- 
utes, one can see the subdermal cavities as white spots and strmgs 
exte’nded under the subdermal-membrane as a beautiful network. 
Dermal-membrane rather thick, ca. 200 ,6, may be peeled off separ- 
ately from the underlying tissues. Colour yellowish-white. 
Skeleton consists of rather stout spiculo-fibres, which, anastom- 
osing, are running in right angles towards the dermal-membrane; 
they are easily seen with the naked eye; the ends of these fibres 
spread out like fans, upon which the dermal-membrane rests, and 
between these fibres the subdermal-cavities and -canals are running, 
ca. Va mm in breadth; these fibres are also extending into the 
papillae, continually sending off small branches to the surface of 
the papillae. In the dermal-membrane the spicules are pnncrp- 
ally lying parallel with the surface as a very dense layer, many 
spicules thick, spicule by spicule, pell-mell. The small spicules are 
especially reserved for the dermal-membrane, the bigger styh and 
oxea are found in the main skeleton. 
Spicules: (fig. 30a—d) 1. styli smooth, very sharp-pointed, as 
a rule thickest in the middle, slightly curved in the first third, 
rather stout; varying from 286-650 by a thickness of 9-17 ,6. 
2. oxea, smooth, sharp-pointed, slightly curved, thickest at the 
bending, which most often is in the middle, but may be displace 
