351 
features as mentioned by Darwin, and that the New Zealand 
waters evidently éxhibit very aberrant features in comparison with 
other areas. Primitive and ancient species like Calantica villosa, 
Calantica Mortenseni, and Protomitella paradoxa seemingly character- 
ize the region as the cradle of most recent cirripeds; but on the 
other hånd, also highly specialized genera like Elminius have here 
developed into more species than elsewhere, and the peculiar ge¬ 
nus Chamæsipho in no other place flourishes to an equal degree, 
although only in a single species. Of the species previously known 
the following seem to be restricted to the shores of New Zealand: 
Calantica villosa, 1 ) Mitella sertus, Elminius plicatus, and Elminius 
sinuatus. Other species are common at Australia such as Chamæ¬ 
sipho columna, Balanus vestitus, and Tetraclita purpurascens, and 
only comparatively few have like Ibla quadrivalvis, Balanus trigonus, 
and Tetraclita squamosa f. viridis a more cosmopolitical, Tropic- 
Subtropical distribution. 
A very interesting although negative feature of the New Zea¬ 
land waters is afforded by the astonishing scarcity of Scalpellum- 
species. Indeed, the Scalpellum aff. imhricatum mentioned in the 
appendix to the preceding chapter seems to be the first true Scal¬ 
pellum observed in the Coastal waters of New Zealand. — 
Dr. Mortensen quite occasionally also gathered two shallow- 
water Balanus species at Hawaii, viz. Balanus trigonus, and Ba¬ 
lanus amphitrite forma hawaiiensis. Both species have a world- 
wide habitat; but the latter is represented by an aberrant variety, 
that nevertheless again turns up in the Philippines, and thus seems 
to indicate a doser relationship with the Malay region than with 
American waters. 
We shall then turn to the last greater region investigated by 
Dr. Mortensen, viz. the Pacific coast of North and Cen¬ 
tral America. The localities and species are shown in the fol¬ 
lowing table: 
*) Darwin (1851) in a footnote says that the mussel, to which his spec- 
imens were attached, lives in the waters round India, Timor, and New 
Holland. Footing on this note Hoek (1907) mentions the species as in- 
habitant of the Malay Archipelago. Hutton (1879) is the first who gives 
New Zealand as certain living place, and Jennings (1918) gives the 
following New Zealand localities: Stewart Island; Port Robinson; God- 
